Start rapid

To 2 ml. of the ester in a test-tube add slightly more than the same volume of a cold saturated aqueous copper acetate solution. The blue colour of the latter turns immediately to a pale green. Now shake the tube vigorously in order to produce an emulsion of the ester in the aqueous layer. Scratch the sides of the tube with a rod, and shake vigorously as before. Crystallisation may be delayed for about 5 minutes, but, when once started, rapidly gives a copious precipitate... 

Corrosion starts rapidly at many points simultaneously. The maximum penetration rate, however, depends on the type of soil and the existence of foreign cathodic structures [16,17]. 

Diesels are used in many industrial applications (for example, for base-load generation in mines, cement plants and in remote regions of the world). In addition, they are often utilized to provide standby power for hospitals, telecommunications, banks, computer centers and office complexes that must have full independent power capability. The diesel can be started rapidly, making it ideal for peak lopping duties to meet maximum load demands, or for emergency use in cases of power supply interruptions. 

The major disadvantage of the gas turbine is its low efficiency when compared with other systems. However, the gas turbine is compact, is subject to short delivery and erection period, has a competitive capital cost, and has virtually no requirement for cooling water. It can be started rapidly on fully automatic control. 

The induction period observed at the very beginning of the irradiation is due to the well known inhibition effect of oxygen on these radical-induced reactions. Once it is over, after the, v10 ms needed to consume essentially all of the oxygen dissolved in the liquid film (19), the polymerization starts rapidly to reach 75 % conversion within 0.08 s. Further UV exposure leads only to a slow increase in the cure, mainly because of mobility restrictions in the rigid matrix, so that there still remains about 15 % of acrylic unsaturation in coatings heavily irradiated for 0.4 s. 

Life in our Solar System could have started rapidly if the Panspermia Hypothesis is correct and life was seeded to Earth (and Mars and Europa ) from outside, or it may have taken hundreds of millions of years. At this time, only the crudest boundaries can be placed on the time for life to develop or the survival time for life after environmental conditions become hostile, but it may be on the order of hundreds of millions of years. 

Since cars are designed to start rapidly, they could quickly add their power to the electric grid when needed. Utilities would pay for this service if there was a guarantee that the car could deliver juice when needed, which suggests that this would be more practical for vehicle fleets or for a corporate sponsor. Individual owners would lose some control over access to their cars if they had to connect them to the grid whenever a utility demanded. And given how... 

Mercury is an accumulative poison. Its toxicity depends on its form. Symptoms may start rapidly after acute exposure to high air concentrations of mercury vapor, and can include fever, chills, and nausea. In severe cases (e.g., as a consequence of heating), pulmonary edema may cause death within a few days. Acute exposure to mercury vapor can also produce bronchitis and interstitial pneumonitis. The toxicity of mercuric chloride (i.e., corrosive sublimate) has been well established. Oral ingestion causes severe abdominal cramps, possible ulceration and bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract, and a bloody diarrhea. Loose teeth are noted and hepatitis has been recorded. Nephritis is common if the renal tubes are extensively damaged, it could lead to a... 

While being devoid of myelosuppressive effects, tretinoin therapy is associated with headache, skin and mucous membrane reactions, bone pain, nausea, and the retinoic acid syndrome. When tretinoin is started, rapid onset of differentiation of promyelocytes occurs, which can lead to leukocytosis and/or retinoic acid syndrome. The retinoic acid syndrome (fever, respiratory distress, interstitial pulmonary infiltrates, pleural effusions, and weight gain) is now referred to as the APL differentiation syndrome or APL hyperleukocytosis syndrome, because it has been associated with other treatment modalities in the management of APL. Among tretinoin-treated patients, this syndrome has been fatal in 5% to 29% of cases. A combination of chemotherapy with tretinoin induction decreases the incidence of retinoic acid syndrome, and rapid initiation of dex-amethasone 10 mg (0.2 mg/kg per dose in children) twice daily for 3 days upon development of symptoms decreases associated mortality. 

To achieve significant market penetration, fuel cell vehicles will have to meet or exceed the performance baseline established by today s spark-ignition engine vehicles. These performance criteria include improved gas mileage, rapid acceleration, and turn-key start-up. The goal of this work is to develop strategies that will result in demonstration of a fuel processor for fuel cell vehicles that starts rapidly. The Department of Energy has set a start-up time of 30 seconds (from 20°C to maximum power) for the year 2010. 

All six compounds are colorless liquids, soluble in alcohol, petroleum ether, and tetrachloromethane, they are easily oxidized and rapidly lose their activity in light and air and are also sensitive towards moisture and alkali. They are contact poisons that rapidly enter the nervous system and induce the characteristic symptoms in insects (high excitation, followed by impairments of coordination, paralysis, and finally death). The first effect starts rapidly, i.e., the insect is unable to move within a few minutes. This knock-down effect, especially in flies, is only achieved by a few insecticides. However, the dose required for this effect is usually not sufficient to cause death since the active principles of P. undergo rapid detoxification by enzymatic oxidation in the insects, thus some of the afflicted insects can recover. This can be prevented by the addition of synergists or active principles of the phosphoric acid ester and carbamate type. R, especially under the recommended conditions of use, is relatively harmless for humans and warm-blooded animals (birds, mammals). The synthetic pyrethroids, devel-... 

Also, Zhu and coworkers reported preparing of two high Tg (250° and 258°) polyimides embedded with triphenyl imidazole chromophores. Simultaneous polymerization and poling was carried in situ. The second harmonic generation measurements technology yielded moderate das values of 15 pnW and 16 pnvV. The signals of these poled polymer films were reported to be without any decay at < 150° The relaxation starts rapidly over 195°. The half-decay temperatures, of the samples orientation are as high as 240° and 224° respectively. 

As wc expected, equation (7.16), with single characteristic time T, = satisfactorily describes only the starting rapid and short section of the experimental kinetic curve. This means that monomolecular chain termination is characterized by a wide spectrum of relaxation times therefore, the stretched exponential law has been used for a full description of the kinetic curve. In accordance with this law the function of relaxation y(f) is written as follows ... 

Light-induced cationic polymerizations are often retarded by impurities such as water or basic substances but will continue in the dark and in the presence of oxygen for a considerable time. Light-induced radical polymerizations, on the other hand, will start rapidly but suffer from the presence of molecular oxygen. Onium salts initiate both photopolymerization processes since they yield radicals as well as cationic species upon photolysis. 

As it can be seen in Fig. 2b, the theoretical line of linear OPLC development intersects the curve of conventional development, and the linear velocity is initially higher than the one for OPLC. A starting rapid eluent flash results in high velocity, and curve 3 is continuously higher than curve 1. Personal OPLC BS 50 automatically manages this period. Line 4 shows the initial constant velocity. This high velocity step is followed by a lower velocity of separation. At a distance (position 5) the velocity becomes constant, and samples should be applied up to this place. 

Small fuel cells can be exploited most effectively if they can stand by and operate at ambient temperatures (and can therefore start rapidly), can operate on ambient air, can respond rapidly to load changes, have a non-migrating (solid) electrolyte, and have a reasonably high power density and specific-power. The fuel cell type that best suits these criteria is clearly the PEMFC, despite a drawback related to the fact that liquid water embodied in the solid polymer tends to freeze, and thereby impedes proton conduction, when its temperature drops below the freezing point. The PEMFC can stand by under freezing conditions. 

In a 1 liter resin kettle fitted with a stainless steel stirrer, a thermometer which extends well into the lowest portion of the reactor, a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, and a nitrogen inlet tube attached to the apparatus is prepared a solution of 376 ml of deionized water and 24 gm of Triton X-200. While the nitrogen flow is on, with stirring, 200 gm of uninhibited ethyl acrylate, 4 ml of a solution freshly prepared by dissolving 0.3 gm of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate in 200 ml of deionized water, and 1 gm of ammonium persulfate are added. After stirring for 30 min, the mixture is cooled to 20°C and 1 gm of sodium metabisulfite and 5 drops of 70% /crf-butyl hydroperoxide are added. The polymerization starts rapidly and the temperature in the flask rises to nearly 90°C. After approximately 15 min, the polymerization is complete. The latex is cooled and passed through a nylon chiffon strainer. 

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