Sublimate, corrosive

Mercury(II) chloride, HgC, corrosive sublimate, m.p. 280 C, b.p. 302"C. Essentially covalent material (Hg plus CL Hg plus aqua regia). Forms complex halide ions, e.g. (HgCU) (HgCL)" in excess HCl and forms complexes. Very poisonous. 

Mercuric Chloride. Mercuric c Aon.d.e.[7487-94-7] HgCl2, is also known as corrosive sublimate of mercury or mercury bichloride. It is extremely poisonous, and is particularly dangerous because of high (7 g/L at 25°C) water solubiUty and high vapor pressure. It sublimes without decomposition at 300°C, and has a vapor pressure of 13 Pa (0.1 mm Hg) at 100°C, and 400 Pa (3 mm Hg) at 150°C. The vapor density is high (9.8 g/cm ), and therefore mercuric chloride vapor dissipates slowly (5). 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms. Calochlor Corrosive mercury chloride Corrosive sublimate Mercury bichloride Mercury (II) chloride Mercury perchloride Chemical Formula-. HgClj Observable Characteristics(as shipped)-. Solid Color. White colorless Odor. None. Physical and Chemical Properties - Physical State at 15 X and 1 atm. Solid Molecular Weight-. 271.50 Boiling Point at I atm. 576, 302, 575 Freezing Point 531, 277, 550 Critical Temperature Not pertinent Critical Pressure Not pertinent Specific Gravity 5.4 at 20 °C (solid) Vapor (Gas) Specific Gravity Not pertinent Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas) Not pertinent Latent Heat of Vaporization Not pertinent Heat of Combustion Heat of Decomposition Not pertinent. 

HgCl2 is the corrosive sublimate of antiquity, formerly obtained by sublimation from HgS04 and NaCl and used as an antiseptic. It is, however, a violent poison and was widely used as such in the Middle Ages. ... 

Subiimat, n. sublimate specif., corrosive sublimate, mercuric chloride. Sublimations-probe, /. sublimation test or sample. -wSrme, /. heat of sublimation. Sublimatlosu g, /. sublimate solution, sublimierbar, a. sublimable. 

Within the next decade, however, this philosophy was reversed, with a range of new chemicals arriving to transform the expectations and demands of lawn owners, including mercury bichloride, a highly toxic corrosive sublimate, and... 

Corrosive Sublimate and Calomel. A method for preparing a rather pure mercurous chloride (calomel) was known to Parisian physicians before 1608 (83). Oswald Croll prepared it by a secret process, and Jean Beguin in his Tyrocinium Chymicum, which was published in 1608, described the process. This mild sublimate was made by rubbing corrosive sublimate with as much mercury as could be "killed or made to combine with it (240, 241, 242). Calomel, corrosive sublimate, and vermilion have been manufactured for centuries at Hankow, China (243). 

Again, mercury is apparently a monad in mercurous ohlo ride (calomel, HgCl) and a dyad in mercuric chloride (corrosive sublimate, Hg"Cl,)j but there are strong reasons for believing that the formula of calomel ought to bo doubled, in which case mercury would assume the dyad form in both com pounds ... 

By distilling arsenic with mercuric chloride (corrosive sublimate) —... 

Com Sugar Solution Com Symp Com Symp Solution Corrosive Mercury Chloride Corrosive Sublimate Cottonseed Oil Coumaphos Crankcase Oil Crankcase Oil Creosote, Coal Tar Creosote Oil... 

The mercury of commerce, which usually is contaminated with variable portions of lead, tin, and bismuth, may be distilled with one-tenth of its weight of cinnabar and provided the distillation be carefully effected, the foreigu impurities will he found in the retort, in the form of sulphides, after tho pure mercury has passed over into the receiver. A purer product is, however, obtained when carefully prepared cinnabar or corrosive sublimate—chloride of mercury —that has been cautiously sublimed, is distilled with one part of quicklime or iron filings. The principal part of the impu-... 

When sulphuric arid only is employed, the sulphate of mercury obtained by evaporation is mixed with two parts of metal, and afterwards with one part and a half of common salt, the whole bring triturated in a mortal till the metal disappears. The mass is then sublimed in the asual way. In this operation the whole of the mercury is, however, never reduced to calomel, and on this account the sublimed mass requires purification from corrosive sublimate by repeated washings with boiling water, in which the latter is freely soluble. As soon as the washings give but faint indications of precipitates with a solution of nitrata of silver or sulphide of hydrogen gae, the calomel may be considered pure. 

Boiling muriatic acid quickly changes calomel into corrosive sublimate and metallic mercury. In hot nitric acid It dissolves, evolving nitric oxide. 

The trade adulterations of calomel are chalk, sulphate of baryta, carbonate of lead, common salt, sal ammoniac, and sometimes a little corrosive sublimate. 1 For the detection of all impurities, the Edinburgh college dirocte that heat, sulphuric ether, and solution of caustic potoasa should be employed. Calomel, ff pure, is entirely volatilized by heat, all fixed impurities will therefore be found in the residue, whilst the sublimate may contain, besides calomel, the mercuric chloride and sal ammoniac. These impurities being soluble in water,... 

In the receipt of the Edinburgh college, the process for preparing calomel and corrosive sublimate is the same, with the exception that only half the quantity of mercury is taken for the latter. 

Any subchloride of mercury which may happen to he formed during the sublimation, owing to its not being so volatile as corrosive Sublimate, forms a whitish ring cn the lower part of the sublimed crust, and thus admits of being removed. Such portions may be added 4 E... 

Compound Chlorides of Mercury.—Corrosive sublimate is capable of entering into oombinntion with hydrochloric acid and most of the metallic chlorides, forming well-defined crystallizable salts. Thus, with hydroohloric acid it produces a compound, expressed by Hg Cl, HC1 or Ilg Clj, HO with ohloridc of potassium, Hg Cl, KOI, 2 HO, 2 Hg Cl, KC1, 4 HO, and 4 Hg Cl, KOI, 8 HO,. Soda, lithia, baryta, atrontia, calcia, and magnesia salts react in the same way, as also the chlorides of mangdheso, iron, nickel, and cobalt, all of which produce with the mercurial salt well-defined crystalline oompounde. 

For use in medicine he directs to use only the first two preparations, though others are used in chemistry. He explains further the preparation of the waters above employed which are merely water solutions of salts named. The mortification of copper, lead, mercury and other metals is similarly described, with products such as verdigris, white lead, corrosive sublimate, or the various oxides, etc. In some cases, as with gold, the processes are elaborate but the fancied results are not capable of rational interpretation.7... 

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