Respiratory distress

Since chloroacetyl chloride can react with water in the skin or eyes to form chloroacetic acid, its toxicity parallels that of the parent acid. Chloroacetyl chloride can be absorbed through the skin in lethal amounts. The oral LD q for rats is between 120 and 250 mg/kg. Inhalation of 4 ppm causes respiratory distress. ATLV of 0.05 ppm is recommended (28,41). 

Inhalation of vapors of lower chloroformates result in coughing, choking, and respiratory distress, and, with some chloroformates like methyl chloroformate, inhalation can be fatal as a result of the onset of pulmonary edema, which may not appear for several hours after exposure (55). Table 5 gives the acute toxicides of some chloroformates (55—57). 

In low doses, inhaled NO may have a beneficial therapeutic effect, since NO in the inspired air leads to pulmonary vasodilation. In persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, NO inhalation has already been used with some success. NO inhalation as the treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome, however, has been disappointing. Only transient improvements of oxygenation were detected and the outcome of placebo-controlled trials did not show any improvement... 

PA S1 S01.131 Neutrophil elastase Drug target for emphysema, cystic fibrosis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases... 

An inhaled sympathomimetic, such as albuterol, may be prescribed initially. Salmeterol, a long-acting (5-agonist, is contraindicated because of its slowed onset of action. During an acute bronchospasm, the nurse checks the blood pressure pulse, respiratory rate, and response to the drug every 15 to 35 minutes until the patient s condition stabilizes and respiratory distress is relieved. 

Acute bronchospasm causes severe respiratory distress and wheezing from the forceful expiration of air and is considered a medical emergency, ft is characterized by severe respiratory distress, dyspnea, forceful expiration, and wheezing. The nurse must report these symptoms to the primary health care provider immediately. 

Mr. Potter, age 57 years, is admitted to the pulmonary unit in acute respiratory distress. The primary health care provider orders IV aminophylline. In developing a care plan for Mr. Potter, you select the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Airway Clearance. Suggest Jiursing interventions that would be most important in managing this problem. 

Metformin—there is a risk of lactic acidosis when using this drug. Discontinue die drug therapy and notify the health care provider immediately if any of the following should occur respiratory distress, muscular aches, unusual somnolence, unexplained malaise, or nonspecific abdominal distress. 

Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, urticaria, arthralgia, respiratory distress, acute anaphylaxis), depression, somnolence, fatigue, coma, anorexia, nausea, vomiting... 

In the past number of years a number of studies have shown that in a variety of diseases there is a significant oxidation of Met residues to Met(O) in specific proteins that results in a loss of biological activity. These diseases include cataracts, rheumatoid arthritis, adult respiratory distress syndrome and emphysema. The most convincing evidence that Met(O) in proteins may be involved in the etiology of a pathological condition comes from studies with a-l-PI. It is well accepted that a-l-PI is inactivated upon oxidation of its Met residues. A decreased activity of a-l-PI in lung tissue that would result in an increased elastase activity has been associated with pulmonary emphysema. In patients who have a... 

The nitrogen oxides are common pollutants generated by internal combustion engines and power plants. They not only contribute to the respiratory distress caused by smog, but if they reach the stratosphere can also threaten the ozone layer that protects Earth from harmful radiation. 

Sf.ef-Test 4.14A A baby with a severe bronchial infection is in respiratory distress. The anesthetist administers heliox, a mixture of helium and oxygen with 92.3% by mass 02. What is the partial pressure of oxygen being administered to the baby if atmospheric pressure is 730 Torr ... 

A classification of organophosphate poisoning has been proposed by Tafuri and Roberts (1987) modified from Namba et al. (1971). Clinical signs and symptoms of intoxication may occur when serum cholinesterase levels drop to below 50% of the normal value. Mild poisoning, with the patient still ambulatory, may occur when serum cholinesterase levels are 20-50% of normal moderate poisoning with inability to walk with levels 10-20% of normal and severe poisoning with respiratory distress and unconsciousness with serum cholinesterase levels <10% of normal. 

There is a clinical need for non-natural, functional mimics of the lung surfactant (LS) proteins B and C (SP-B and SP-C), which could be used in a biomimetic LS replacement to treat respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants [56]. An effective surfactant replacement must meet the following performance requirements (i) rapid adsorption to the air-liquid interface, (ii) re-spreadabihty... 

For the treatment of lung surfactant deficiency in premature human infants suffering from respiratory distress syndrome, limited clinical trials were performed showing that liposomes in the lung-instilled intratracheally either as an aerosolized mist (Ivey et al., 1977) or as a suspension via an endotracheal tube (Fujiwara et al., 1980)—rapidly improved lung function. No adverse effects were observed as a result of the supplementation with surfactant-like material. It appears, therefore, that liposomes are a suitable system for the delivery of major phospholipid components of endogenous lung surfactant. 

Ivey, H., Roth, S., and Kattwinkel (1977). Nebulization of sonicated phospholipids (PL) for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of infancy, Pediatr. Res.. 11. 573. 

Deficiency of Lung Surfactant Causes Respiratory Distress Syndrome... 

Lung surfactant is composed mainly of lipid with some proteins and carbohydrate and prevents the alveoli from collapsing. Surfactant activity is largely attributed to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, which is synthesized shortly before parturition in full-term infants. Deficiency of lung surfactant in the lungs of many preterm newborns gives rise to respiratory distress syndrome. Administration of either natural or artificial surfactant has been of therapeutic benefit. 

Phospholipids and sphingolipids are involved in several disease processes, including respiratory distress syndrome (lack of lung surfactant), multiple sclerosis... 

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