Standardized data

Based on a preliminary set of acceptance criteria s developed by LM Glasfiber a standard data-set has been developed for each of the above mentioned set-ups, in order to minimize the scanning time. During the performance demonstration at LM Glasfiber the effective scanning time for a complete 21m wind turbine rotor blade based on the preliminary acceptance criteria s, was found to be less than hour. 

Seah M P and Dench W A 1979 Quantitative electron spectroscopy of surfaces a standard data base for electron inelastic mean free paths in solids Surf, interface Anai. 1 2... 

Standard data for the adsorption of nitrogen at 77 K on nonporous hydroxylated silica ... 

The following standardization data were provided for a series of external standards of Cd + that had been buffered to a pH of 4.6. " ... 

Brown and Lin reported a quantitative method for methanol based on its effect on the visible spectrum of methylene blue. In the absence of methanol, the visible spectrum for methylene blue shows two prominent absorption bands centered at approximately 610 nm and 660 nm, corresponding to the monomer and dimer, respectively. In the presence of methanol, the intensity of the dimer s absorption band decreases, and that of the monomer increases. For concentrations of methanol between 0 and 30% v/v, the ratio of the absorbance at 663 nm, Asss, to that at 610 nm, Asio, is a linear function of the amount of methanol. Using the following standardization data, determine the %v/v methanol in a sample for which Agio is 0.75 and Ag63 is 1.07. 

The CD-I (compact disk-interactive) is a low cost alternative to the CD-ROM for the entertainment industry. CD-I is a subset of the CD-ROM standard data format. It allows the digital storage of data, audio, and video information in a form that permits rapid interaction with a computer. CD-I is compatible to CD-ROM and to CD-AD 0 = 120 mm. The definition of the CD-I format is put down in the Green Book (Philips/Sony). 

The pitch length of a belt is its circumferential length at the pitch width of the belt. The pitch width of a belt is shown in Figure 8.12, and is provided by manufacturers as standard data. It can be calculated by... 

The RMC HARIS (Hazards and Reliability Information System) programs provide organizations with a data ban)c of reliability, maintainability, accident, and source-abstract data. The programs permit the input of information in a standard data sheet format. Search capability is built into the programs for retrieval of these data sheets against specific search profiles. HARIS presently contains over 4400 data sheets. 

Measurement by gel permeation chromatography in 0.2 M phosphate buffer pH 7.0 with polystyrenesulfate or polyethylene glycols ([5] in the case of aureobasidium sp. A-91) as molecular weight standards. Data processing as de.scribed in Ref. [II]. 

There are a number of published standards that define acceptable levels of vibration in machinery. These standards are valuable reference tools, but they must be clearly understood and properly used. Industrial-standard data can... 

It is therefore easy to see why this current drug safety paradigm, with its lack of standards in data collection and analysis, hinders the analysis of adverse events. Without data standards in place, it is difficult to build practical, reusable tools for systematic safety analysis. With no standard tools, truly standardized analyses cannot occur. Reviewers may forget their initial analytical processes if they are not using standardized data and tools. Comprehensive reproducibility and auditability, therefore, become nearly impossible. In practice, the same data sets and analytical processes cannot be easily reused, even by the same reviewers who produced the original data sets and analyses. Not using standardized tools slows the real-time systematic analysis... 

The foundation of any efficient computer-assisted data analysis system is the creation and use of data standards. Data standards consist of standard data file names for each predefined file, standard data elements in each data file, standardized names for each data element, and standard definitions for each data element. 

It is essential to have high-quality data in place for interoperable systems to function efficiently. Standard data structures can only be used to full advantage if they are combined with standard terminology for values populating a data element. Yet there are many potential pitfalls in data collection and configuration for analysis. Some of the more common pitfalls are discussed here, but this list is by no means comprehensive. 

Although 500,000 individuals were enrolled in clinical trials that were submitted to the FDA during 1990-1995 [10], the lack of a repository of clinical trial data, standardized data, and interoperable systems precludes us from efficiently tapping and reanalyzing these data. This missed opportunity underscores the need for standardization and interoperable systems, as discussed above (see Section 27.4.1 on data standards and interoperable systems). 

The isotopic molar masses of all stable and many unstable isotopes have been determined using mass spectrometry, as described in Section 2-. These masses can be found in standard data tables. We provide values as needed for calculations. Example illustrates the calculation of nuclear binding energies from isotopic molar... 

When working with standardized data Wg = 0. The coefficients w and W2 are derived in a way described later, such that D = 0 in point O and D > 0 for objects belonging to L and > < 0 for objects of K. This then is the classification rule. 

The OPMBS used a custom-written spreadsheet application, i.e., a workbook, in conjunction with laboratory automation systems to standardize data recording, calculations, and presentation of results. Devising this approach required careful differentiation between (a) the workbook used to calculate and report the results and (b) the data acquisition systems used in each laboratory. The laboratory systems were used to collect the raw chromatographic data, but the calculation modules in the laboratory systems were not used. Instead, all calculations were done in the workbook. Use of the laboratory systems to collate and output the final results was considered but was rejected for two reasons. First, different laboratories used different systems, and some laboratories used more than one system. The output characteristics of the various systems differed considerably and would have required extensive modification... 

Data are collected for negative daughter ion transitions of mjz 395 to 113 for the flucarbazone-sodium analyte and m/z 398 to 113 for the flucarbazone-sodium-ds internal standard Data are collected for negative daughter ion transitions of mjz 240 to 85 for the sulfonamide analyte and m jz 243 to 85 for the sulfonamide-fi(3 internal standard... 

The interactive SAS Import Wizard provides an easy way to import the contents of Microsoft Excel and Access files into SAS. Here again, the Import Wizard is essentially a graphical user interface that builds the PROC IMPORT code for you. Begin in the interactive SAS windowing environment by selecting File from the toolbar and then Import Data... from the drop-down menu. A window like the following will appear, where you can select Microsoft Excel as a standard data source. 

XML will become more integral to the work of statistical programmers in the pharmaceutical industry as the standards, applications providers, and vendors make more use of this technology. Eventually you should expect the FDA to move away from SAS transport files to XML files as their standard data format for electronic data submission. 

Select the Library (libref) and Member (data set) to be exported, and then click Next to open the Select Export Type window. To get a CSV file, select Comma Separated Values as the standard data source, as follows ... 

There are other options for creating delimited ASCII files from the Export Wizard. From the Select Export Type window you can pick tab delimited or delimited file as one of the standard data sources if you want delimited files. If you choose the delimited file option, you can choose your field delimiter by clicking the Options button. For instance, if you were creating a pipe-delimited file, the Select Export Type window would look like this ... 

While most incinerators must undergo a trial burn, it is possible for a facility to submit extensive information in lieu of the trial burn. U.S. EPA believes that most combustion units will need to conduct trial burns in order to develop operating conditions that ensure compliance with the performance standards. Data submitted in lieu of the trial burn, therefore, must originate from a unit with a virtually identical design that will burn wastes under virtually identical conditions (i.e., located at the same facility). 

The basis of all data-analytical procedures is the data matrix (Eq. 8.10). In many cases the original data x j have to be transformed, either into standardized data ... 

The use of standardized data (variable standardization or column autoscaling, see Frank and Todeschini [1994]) results in data which are independent of the unit of measurement. Other types of standardization like object standardization, row autoscaling, or global standardization (global autoscaling, (xij — x)/s) do not play a large role in data analysis. 

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