Development and Operation

Establishing and managing long-term supply arrangements 

Framework agreements through competitive bidding using whole life costs and service criteria for selection of suppliers 

Managing relationships with key suppliers to ensure continued performance and value for money, using principles of partnership 

Improving control of expenditures, including restricting the number of people authorized to purchase by the introduction of teams of specialized buyers 

Managing day-to-day purchasing, goods received, and payment processes 

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As I mentioned, USC provided some start-up funds for the Institute. Further development and operation, however, was only possible... 

Graining, flaking, and spraying have all been used to make soHd ammonium nitrate particles. Most plants have adopted various prilling or granulation processes. Crystallized ammonium nitrate has been produced occasionally in small quantities for use in specialty explosives. The Tennessee Valley Authority developed and operated a vacuum crystallization process (25), but the comparatively small crystals were not well received as a fertilizer. 

Once it is determined that data exist, the next step is to begin the collection process. If sufficient thought and training is provided in the development and operation of the maintenance and operating reporting systems, much of the collection process can be automated. Automation assumes that a well-thought-out taxonomy is in place. If this is not the case, then an analyst must collect and review the records manually. In either case, the analyst must collect data from the plant sources previously discussed in order to determine the numerator (number of failures within a unique plant equipment population), and denominator (the operating time or number of demands for the equipment) of the equation to calculate failure rates. 

Encourage and assist the development and operation of regional air pollution control programs... 

An overview is given of plutonium process chemistry used at the U. S. Department of Energy Hanford, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Rocky Flats, and Savannah River sites, with particular emphasis on solution chemistry involved in recovery, purification, and waste treatment operations. By extrapolating from the present system of processes, this paper also attempts to chart the future direction of plutonium process development and operation. Areas where a better understanding of basic plutonium chemistry will contribute to development of improved processing are indicated. 

Volume 133 Reaction Kinetics and the Development and Operation of Catalytic Processes... 

With the exception of the Project Activity Monioring System (PAMS) which was developed on an IBM system under the CMS operating system using the FOCUS1 data base package, all of the applications discussed were developed and operate on a Digital PDP11/44 2... 

Nayar M.G., Ragunathan P., Mitra S.K., Development and operation of a high current density high pressure advanced electrolysis cell, hit. ]. Hydrogen Energ., 5(1), 65-74,1980. 

Proficiency Testing by Interlaboratory Comparisons - Part 1 Development and Operation of Proficiency Testing Schemes , ISO/IEC Guide 43-1 1997, International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Geneva, Switzerland, 1997. 

CFB (1) [Chemische Fabrik Budenheim] A process for removing cadmium from phosphoric acid by extracting with a solution of a long-chain amine in a hydrocarbon. Developed and operated by the German company of that name. 

SAS [Sasol advanced synthesis] A process for converting synthesis gas to petroleum and light olefins. Developed and operated by Sasol in South Africa. 

Figure 19a shows a pilot plant for the production of a yellow nano pigment with a capacity of 70 t/a, developed and operated by Kyoto University and Fuji Company (Maeta et al. 2006). Figure 19b shows some selected particle-size spectra obtained under various flow conditions. 

Numerous enantioselective transfer hydrogenation processes have now been developed and operated at commercial scale to give consistent, high-quality products, economically. These include variously substituted aryl alcohols, styrene oxides and alicyclic and aliphatic amines. Those discussed in the public domain include (S)-3-trifluoromethylphenylethanol [48], (f )-3,5-bistrifluorophenylethanol [64], 3-nitrophenylethanol [92], (S)-4-fluorophenylethanol [lc], (f )-l-tetralol [lc], and (T)-l-methylnaphthylamine [lc]. 

Development and operation of zircon flotation at sierra rutile limited... 

The Cancer Surveillance Program, the population-based SEER cancer registry of Los Angeles County which we developed and operate. 

In addition to these smaller applications, fuel cells can be used in portable generators, such as those used to provide electricity for portable equipment. Thousands of portable fuel cell systems have been developed and operated worldwide, ranging from 1 watt to 1.5 kilowatts in power. The two primary technologies for portable applications are polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) designs. 

GYIMESI, J. and Szepesy, L. Chromatographia 9 (1976) 195. Experiences with the development and operation of a large scale preparative gas chromatograph. 

There are many important points and lessons to be learned from the development and operation of the Ruhrchemie-Rhone Poulenc process and we shall now have a look at the most important ones. 

C.E. Miller, The use of chemometric techniques in process analytical method development and operation, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst, 30, 11-22 (1995). 

Examples of functioning co-operation are partnerships between automotive producers, coating and installation manufacturers for the development and operation of low-emission automotive series coatings and co-operation between the employers liability insurance, IG Metall, lubricant manufacturers and metal processors in the creation of health-related standards for cooling lubricants. 

Herin, J.L. Development and operation of an aeration waste treatment plant. Proceedings of the 25th Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, 1970, Vol. 25, p. 420. Koziorowski, B. Kucharski, J. Industrial Waste Disposal, Pergamon Press Oxford, UK, 1972. Payne, W.J. Pure culture studies of the degradation of detergent compounds. Biotech. Bioeng. 1963, 5, 355. 

There are some guidelines on the requirements for proficiency testing schemes. The most important is the new ISO/IEC 17043 Conformity assessment - General requirements for proficiency testing . It describes the development and operation of a PT scheme with all quality management requirements related to that. The first version of the International Harmonized Protocol for the Proficiency Testing of (Chemical) Analytical Laboratories was a result of a joint workshop of lUPAC, ISO and AOAC and was published in 1993. A 2nd, revised version was published in 2006. This protocol also sets out the requirements for the provider and for the PT scheme itself. 

A number of universities, research stations, farms and feed lots in the United States have laboratory programs, pilot plants, farm units and commercial systems in various stages of investigation, development and operation. A selected number of these activities in the Midwestern United States are described in a 1978 travel report by Lapp and Buchanan ( 7). 

FlyPOCEN will explore the limits of using hydrogen as a means of de-carbonising fossil fuels and therefore its potential to bridge to a future hydrogen economy. The aim of the project will be to develop and operate a pilot demonstration plant and prove the feasibility, safety and economics, of carbon capture and sequestration. 

The system cannot handle large concentrations of contaminants because overload occurs and steady-state development and operation of the microbial culture is not achieved. 

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