Abstracting sources

Additional abstract sources are Chemisches Zentralblatt, Analytical Abstracts, and the Bibliography Section of the Journal of Chromatography. As pointed out previously, any research journal may have an article in which GC was used. In this case, the researcher should go to the journal for the specific area and/or topic, for example. Analytical Biochemistry, Food Technology, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal of the American Oil Chemist s Society, Clinical Chemistry, Journal of Chemical Physics. 

For patent references, in addition to those obtained from the abstract sources, selected classes of United States patents, which are maintained in the same sub-... 

Other useful abstract sources include Biological Abstrcbcts 195), British Abstra cts 196), Chemisches Zentralblatt 201), Coton et fibres tropicales. Bulletin analytique 202), Empire Cotton Growing Review 203), and Engineering Index 204). 

Chemische Zentralblatt and Chemical Abstracts. In addition to these general sources there is the excellent Bericht of Schimmel Co., of Miltitz-bei-Leipzig, which has covered the field since 1877. Since 1939 the Bericht has been published irregularly, but it continues to be the. best single abstract source in the field. An American publication, similar but with lesser coverage, is the Annual Report on Essential Oils, Aromatic Chemicals and Related Malerialsy issued by Schimmel Co. of New York (44)-... 

Other abstract sources include various conference abstracts available on the Internet, such as the American Association of Cancer Research [8], the premier Biosis [9], and EMBASE [10] abstract collections. There is significant overlap between the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Biosis abstract collections. MEDLINE is focused more on medical journals, including biology journals that support medical research. EMBASE is also focused on medical research but includes more conference abstracts and European journals. Biosis is more focused on basic life sciences. 

In Chemical Abstracts, sources of information relating to the adsorptive properties of carbon are indexed under Carbon, Active and Charcoal, Active. This text will consider primarily those carbons in which the adsorptive powers have been purposely increased by manmade operations. These are known in industrial circles as activated carbons and activated charcoals.1,2,3... 

For those systems for which log K° could be eeleulated from the published data, the literature search and compilation has bean made to the end of 1971, as complete as the compilers were able to obtain the literature through the usual abstracting sources ... 

We can not offer a long list of addresses here. You can find the most comprehensive source of Internet links at NDTnet s NDT/UT Library which list 250 sites with its abstracts in sections Institutes, Societies, Applications, Databases/Archives, Standards. 

Databases and Data Sources ia Chemistry Table 5-3. Databases of the Cheinical Abstracts Service... 

There are forces other than bond stretching forces acting within a typical polyatomic molecule. They include bending forces and interatomic repulsions. Each force adds a dimension to the space. Although the concept of a surface in a many-dimensional space is rather abstract, its application is simple. Each dimension has a potential energy equation that can be solved easily and rapidly by computer. The sum of potential energies from all sources within the molecule is the potential energy of the molecule relative to some arbitrary reference point. A... 

Benzoyl peroxide has been the most common source of phenyl radicals. But in reaction with thiazoles the benzoyloxy radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the thiazole nucleus or from a methyl group in the case of methylthiazoles, giving by-products such as dithiazolyls or 2.2 -dithiazolylethane (183). The results obtained with benzoyl peroxide are summarized in Tables III-23, III-24. and III-25. 

When butyllithium is used as a base it abstracts a proton in this case a proton attached to nitrogen The source of lithium diethylamide must be diethylamine... 

The Annual Proceedings of the Joiat Army-Navy-Air Force (JANNAF) Propulsion Meetings, the reports of the special committees, and the periodic hterature surveys pubHshed by the Chemical Propulsion Information Agency including the aimual Chemical Propulsion Abstracts are iuvaluable sources of information on all aspects of Hquid and soHd gun and rocket propellants. They maybe classified. 

Below the NTC region, iatramolecular abstraction appears to generate P-dicarbonyl iatermediates that are consumed duriag cool flames (161—164). Secondary attack on nonradical monofunctionals does not appear to be a significant source for these difunctional iatermediates. 

Methyl ethyl ketone, a significant coproduct, seems likely to arise in large part from the termination reactions of j -butylperoxy radicals by the Russell mechanism (eq. 15, where R = CH and R = CH2CH2). Since alcohols oxidize rapidly vs paraffins, the j -butyl alcohol produced (eq. 15) is rapidly oxidized to methyl ethyl ketone. Some of the j -butyl alcohol probably arises from hydrogen abstraction by j -butoxy radicals, but the high efficiency to ethanol indicates this is a minor source. 

MARPAT, produced by Chemical Abstracts Service, coataias the geaeric stmcture records for pateat pubHcatioas siace 1988, which are iacluded ia the CA file. Sources iaclude pateats from 26 couatries plus EPO and PCT pubHcations. BibHographic records for retrieved references can be direcdy accessed ia this database (101). 

The Chinese patent file with its abstracts can be used to supplement WPI, which at this writing has only tides for Chinese patents. JAPIO provides abstracts based ia particular oa pateat claims, and can help to clarify uncertainties with Japanese abstracts from Derwent and/or CA. PATOLIS, ia Japanese, is a unique source of Japanese legal status information (37). EPIDOS staff carry out PATOLIS searches on request for those with sufficient need to search the PATOLIS database, software is available to enable those who cannot read Japanese to extract key data. 

Table 2. Systematic Names for Radicals in the SRU Format Appearing in Chemical Abstracts and Other Sources...

In order for the cyclooxygenase to function, a source of hydroperoxide (R—O—O—H) appears to be required. The hydroperoxide oxidizes a heme prosthetic group at the peroxidase active site of PGH synthase. This in turn leads to the oxidation of a tyrosine residue producing a tyrosine radical which is apparendy involved in the abstraction of the 13-pro-(5)-hydrogen of AA (25). The cyclooxygenase is inactivated during catalysis by the nonproductive breakdown of an active enzyme intermediate. This suicide inactivation occurs, on average, every 1400 catalytic turnovers. 

Cross-linked PVP can also be obtained by cross-linking the preformed polymer chemically (with persulfates, hydrazine, or peroxides) or with actinic radiation (63). This approach requires a source of free radicals capable of hydrogen abstraction from one or another of the labile hydrogens attached alpha to the pyrrohdone carbonyl or lactam nitrogen. The subsequently formed PVP radical can combine with another such radical to form a cross-link or undergo side reactions such as scission or cyclization (64,65), thus ... 

R)-Pantothenic acid (1) contains two subunits, (R)-pantoic acid and P-alanine. The chemical abstract name is A/-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-l-oxobutyl)-P-alanine (11). Only (R)-pantothenic acid is biologically active. Pantothenic acid is unstable under alkaline or acidic conditions, but is stable under neutral conditions. Pantothenic acid is extremely hygroscopic, and there are stabiUty problems associated with the sodium salt of pantothenic acid. The major commercial source of this vitamin is thus the stable calcium salt (3) (calcium pantothenate). 

CASSI Cumulative (Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index), Chemical Abstracts Service, American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1991. 

The Office of Saline Water (now the Off. of Water Res. Tech.) of the U.S. Dept, of Interior pubHshed almost 1000 reports and was responsible for numerous articles on desalination. The Nuclear Desalination Information Center of Oak Ridge National Laboratory maintains a bibHography of these sources of information, which are abstracted and indexed in ORNL-NDlC-11 and -13. 

Descriptions of Physical Objects, Processes, or Abstract Concepts. Eor example, pumps can be described as devices that move fluids. They have input and output ports, need a source of energy, and may have mechanical components such as impellers or pistons. Similarly, the process of flow can be described as a coherent movement of a Hquid, gas, or coUections of soHd particles. Flow is characterized by direction and rate of movement (flow rate). An example of an abstract concept is chemical reaction, which can be described in terms of reactants and conditions. Descriptions such as these can be viewed as stmctured coUections of atomic facts about some common entity. In cases where the descriptions are known to be partial or incomplete, the representation scheme has to be able to express the associated uncertainty. 

Titles of periodicals are defined as in the Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI), except that full stops have been omitted after each abbreviated word. Abbreviations of words in the texts of Chapters 4, 5 and 6 are those in common use and are self evident, e.g. distn, filtd, cone and vac are used for distillation, filtered, concentrated and vacuum. 

Abbreviations of titles of periodicals are defined as in the Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI). Other abbreviations are self evident (see Chapter 1, p. 30). 

There are about a dozen data bases specifically about plastics. Two of the best known and largest are Rapra Abstracts, issued by the Rubber and Plastics Research Association of Great Britain, with about 400000 entries, and the KKF data base of the Deutsche Kunstoff-Institut, with some 300000 records in 1993. Such data bases provide a huge source of information on all aspects of plastics, and considerable expertise is necessary to extract pertinent information efficiently. 

A teehnique that is a convenient source of radieals for study by EPR involves photolysis of a mixture of di-t-butyl peroxide, triethylsilane, and the alkyl bromide corresponding to the radieal to be studied. Photolysis of the peroxide gives t-butoxy radieals, whieh selectively abstract hydrogen from the silane. This reactive silicon radieal in turn abstracts bromine, generating the alkyl radieal at a steady-state eoncentration suitable for EPR study. 

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