Dodecyl benzene sodium sulfonate

XRD analysis of the solid product showed three main peaks at 28.5 , 47.4 and 56.3 , which indicated that pure crystalline CuCl was formed [3]. Several well-known dispersants polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), sodium hexameta phosphate (SHP), the sodium salt of EDTA (EDTA-Na), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), were introduced to obtain a highly dispersed catalyst. The X-ray patterns obtained with these were basically the same as the patterns obtained with the solids prepared in the other experiments described here. 

By asserting that the film thickness remains proportional to the 2/3 power of the capillary number, they establish that the dynamic pressure drop for surfactant-laden bubbles also varies with the capillary number to the 2/3 power but with an unknown constant of proportionality. New pressure-drop data for a 1 wt% commercial surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (Siponate DS-10), in water, after correction for the liquid indices between the bubbles, confirmed the 2/3 power dependence on Ca and revealed significant increases over the Bretherton theory due to the soluble surfactant. 

While raising the pH gave some improvements in lather, more improvement was needed. Various co-surfactants, including alkyl sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, and fatty acid taurides were effective in improving the speed of lather when present at levels of around 5%. Cost considerations led to choosing an alkyl aryl sulfonate, particularly sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, as it was already widely used in the formulation of laundry detergents. 

Various detergents were examined for their effect on lather properties. It was observed that alkyl aryl sulfonates (like sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) and alkyl sulfates (like sodium lauryl sulfate) had the biggest impact as foam boosters. This is not surprising, as both surfactants have head groups with high charge density, which is important for achieving rapid and stable foam [20],... 

Air-entraining water-reducing admixtures containing lignosulfonates can be based on impure lignosulfonate raw materials, as stated earlier, where only 2-3% additional air is required. However, this air may not be of the amount, type, and stability required, therefore additions of surfactants are made. Several different types can be used but in the majority of cases they are based on alkyl-aryl sulfonates (e. g. sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) or fatty-acid soaps (e.g. the sodium salt of tail-oil fatty acids). Additions of these types will allow incorporation of sufficient stable air of the correct bubble size to meet durability requirements under freeze-thaw conditions. 

Addition of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to dilute alkaline electrolyte depresses the passivation of zinc surface [275]. Owing to the dodecyl benzene sulfonate adsorption, the passive layer on zinc has a loose and porous structure. Zinc electrodissolution was inhibited by the presence of sodium metasdicate [276] and some acridines [277]. The protection effect was described by a two-parameter equation. 

Unilamellar vesicles prepared from mixtures of cetyl trimethylammonium tosylate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate 8-Al203 prepared in vesicles Morphologies and sizes of 8-Al203 formed in vesicles were investigated by TEM and X-ray diffraction measurements use of vesicles as nanoreactors for the precipitation of ceramic particles was examined 129... 

Tallow soap or sodium stearate Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate Alkyl naphthal trimethyl ammonium... 

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate was obtained from K K Laboratories, Cleveland, Ohio, and consisted of a mixture of Isomers. 

Edelhauser (3) has explained his results on the interaction of anionic surfactants (sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl-benzene sulfonate) with a PVAC latex as a two-step mechanism involving surface adsorption followed by surfactant penetration into... 

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (BDH Chemicals Ltd.) was suitable for gas-liquid chromatography i.e. was free from commercial detergent additives but contained 60 % sodium sulfate. It was used at a concentration of 4.6 x 10 mol dm which is four times the c.m.c. (1.15 x 10 " mol dnT (18)) in the absence of an additional electrolyte. The concentration of sodium sulfate was 1.7 x 10 mol dm . The same concentration of excess potassium hydroxide was used (4.0 x 10 mol dm ) as in the experiments with potassium octadecanoate. 

Variation with Temperature of the Number of Latex Particles formed in the Thermal Polymerization of Styrene emulsified with 4.6 x lQ-d mol dm Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in 1.7 x 10 " mol dnT So dium sulfate"... 

Figure 1. Arrhenius plots of dependence of number of particles formed per cm3 water on temperature in the thermal polymerization of styrene emulsified with (I) potassium octadecanoate and (II) sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate...

In the present experiments greatly enhanced rates of thermal emulsion polymerization were observed when potassium octadecanoate or sodium dodecyl sulfate (at 0.12 mol dm ) whereas sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and Triton1 X-100 (Rohm Haas, a non-ionic emulsifier octylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)-ethanol) did not enhance the rate. The conversion after 12 hr at 60 °C with potassium octadecanoate was 69 % whereas with sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate it was only 29 % (Fig. 2). 

It thus seems that sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium tetrapropylene benzene sulfonate, and potassium octadecanoate do accelerate the thermal initiation reaction of styrene but that Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate do not although the latter is effective in accelerating thermal initiation of alkyl methacrylates (3 ). ... 

This glycol-AN explosive like the methanol and ethanol compositions are very efficient. Since the glycols and glycerins are in effect forms of alcohols, they perform similarly. Glycerin could be substituted for the glycol, but it s cost is even higher than glycol. Addition of a small amount of "Tide" or "Mr. Bubble" (e g. sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) will increase the performance and detonation rate by 15-35%. 

TIDE", "MR. BUBBLE" or SODIUM DODECYL BENZENE SULFONATE (added to the explosive mixture above so that is consits of. 5% of the total explosive weight)... 

FIGURE 4.4. AFM force curves for a silica sphere and a teradecane oil drop in terms of F/a and AXas a function of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate concentration. The arrow denotes jump-in for the 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mM concentrations. Jump-in was never observed for the 5 and 10 mM concentrations. The force curves have an expanded horizontal axis. Reprinted from Ref. [63], with permission from Elsevier. 

Anionic Sodium stearate Sodium oleate Sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate Cationic... 

Bhagat, R.P., Kinetics of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate adsorption on hematite and its interaction with polyacrylamide, Colloid Polym. Sci., 279, 33, 2001. 

FIGURE 5.5 Experimental curves " for the relaxation of surface tension o with time t for five fixed concentrations (denoted in the figure) of sodium dodecyl-benzene-sulfonate (DDBS). The solutions contain 12 mM added NaCl, and Na2S04 whose concentration is 21 wt% that of DDBS. 

For solutions of typical ionic surfactants with no added salts the studies of Carroll and Ward showed that solubihzation rates were much smaller than those for nonionic surfactants, presumably because the surfactant ions adsorbed at the oil-water interface repelled the micelles of like charge in the solution. Indeed, Bolsman et al. found no measurable solubilization of n-hexadecane into solutions of a pure benzene sulfonate and a commercial xylene sulfonate. They injected small oil drops into the surfactant solutions and observed whether the resulting turbidity disappeared over time due to solubilization. Similarly, Kabalnov found from Ostwald ripening experiments that the rate of solubilization of undecane into solutions of pure SDS was independent of surfactant concentration and about the same as the rate in the absence of surfactant. That is, the hydrocarbon presumably left the bulk oil phase in this system by dissolving in virtually miceUe-free water near the interface. In similar experiments TayloC and Soma and Papadopoulos observed a small increase in the solubilization rate of decane with increasing SDS concentration. De Smet et al., who used sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, which does not hydrolyze, found, like Kabalnov, a minimal effect of surfactant concentration. 

Materials. The studies reported here have been made with monoiso-meric sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate and sodium decyl sulfonate prepared by Professor E. J. Eisenbraun of Oklahoma State University. The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate was a commercial sample purchased from Research Organic/Research Inorganic Chemical Corp. All materials used for background solutions were prepared from reagent grade materials, and the water was distilled from permanganate. Solutions were prepared on a mass basis with corrections for buoyancy. 

ENTHALPY OF ADSORPTION OF SODIUM DODECYL BENZENE SULFONATE ON SILICA GEL... 

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