Experimental curves

Figure A3.7.6. Photoelectron spectrum of. Here the F is complexed to para-R - Solid curve experimental results. Dashed curve simulated spectrum from scattering calculation on ab initio surface.

Figure 41 Composition dependence of the enantiomer excess 2fP - 1 of the P helical state of polysilanes 109(P) O 109(S) o, 110 A and 111 (calculated solid curves experimental symbols).326 Reprinted with permission from Sato, T. Terao, K. Teramoto, A. Fujiki, M. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 5355-5357, 2002 American Chemical Society. 

Fig. 4.7. Field emission spectra of W(112) and W(IOO). Dotted curve theoretical field emission spectrum for free electron metals. Dashed curve experimental field emission spectrum for W(112). Solid curve experimental field emission spectrum for W(IOO), A substantial deviation from the free electron metal behavior is observed. The deviation, so-called Swanson hump, is due to the dominating role of localized surface states near the Fermi level at W(IOO) surface in field emission. (After Swanson and Grouser, 1967).

These equations, if used in the correct regions, are very good approximations to the exact curve. Experimental verification was provided using the Fe2+/H202 systems [201]. 

Figure 16.4 Cyclic voltammogram of 4.5 mM 2,3-dinitro-2,3-dimethylbutane in N,N-dimethylformamide/0.20 M Bu4NPF6 at a 25-pm-diameter mercury electrode. Curves experimental voltammograms after subtraction of background current. Points digital simulations. Potentials referred to cadmium reference electrode [cadmium amalgam/CdCl2 (sat d) in DMF]. [Reprinted with permission from W.J. Bowyer and D.H. Evans, J. Org. Chem. 53 5234 (1988). Copyright 1988 American Chemical Society.]...

Fig. 25.2. DPV voltammogramms recorded for different Aroclor 1248 standard solutions and on the right the corresponding calibration curve. Experimental conditions as described in Section 25.4 of this protocol.

Fig. 48.2. Electropherograms for mixtures containing increasing levels of H202 and AsA and calibration curves. Experimental conditions for Topas microchip are shown in Table 48.1. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [2].

Figure 37. Absorption-frequency dependence, water H20 at temperature 27°C. Calculation for the HC—HO model (solid line) and for the hybrid-cosine-squared potential model (dashed-and-dotted line). Dahsed curve Experimental data [42], (b) Same as in Fig. 34c but refers to T — 300 K.

If, however, ki and k2 are not single valued, then the graph will be a curve. Experimental data do, in fact, demonstrate conclusively that the graph is a curve. Section 4.5.2 discusses the physical significance of the constancy or otherwise of these rate constants. 

In Fig. 8-(a) we show the curve experimentally obtained [57] for Tc vs. e/a (electrons per atom) among the structurally similar elements in support of the prediction derived from the theory proposed. 

Figure 9 Ni(100)c(2 x 2)-Na. Azimuthal dependence of the Na 2p emission at liv = 80 eV, polar emission angle 30°. Full circles - calculated intensities full curve - same data with the minimum value subtracted dashed curve - experimental (Reproduced by permission from Phys. Rev. Letters, 1978, 41, 1130)...

Fig. 20. Comparison between Mossbauer data and theoretical curves [experimental points , A theoretical curves t(z)(l), t(z)(2) - see text]...

Figure 1. Conventional plot of sorption of water by poly(ethyl methacrylate) top curve, experimental data from Ref. 5. Bottom curve, calculated Henry s Law isotherm based on extension of low relative pressure sorption...

Figure 12.1 a) Typical strain versus time creep curves. Experimentally not all three... 

The frequency dependencies of k and k" are plotted in Fig. 14.7 and are characteristic of typical dispersion curves experimentally observed for dielectrics. It is important to note that Eqs. (14.33) and (14.34) are only valid for a dilute gas, since it was implicitly assumed that the local field was identical to the applied field. To solve the problem more accurately for solids, the local rather than the applied field would have to considered in Eq. (14.29). Fortunately, doing this does not change the general forms of the solutions it only modifies the value of the resonance frequency coq (see App. 14A). 

Any attempt to settle the shape of the coexistence curve experimentally is beset by severe problems. In the critical state systems attain equihbrium very slowly this difficulty affects all measurements in the critical region and will be commented on in almost all sections of this work. Another problem for the one-component liquid is the effect of gravity. The effects of impurities are less certain but it has been stated that the coexistence curve of cyclohexane-aniline has a flat top if the components are dry, but that the addition of a small amount of water can destroy the flat portion (see also Reference 134). 

Fig. 8. Absorption per wavelength against T — in C. Dashed curve experimental, solid curve theoretical. Mixture aniline + n-hexane at the critical composition. [After Fixman, M., J. Chem. Phys.

Figure A-1 Solubility of precipitated nickel carbonate. Experimental data [38SMU] solid curve experimental data fitted to logn, + BIT + C lnF dotted curve ...

The same compound has a crystalline yellow modification of known structure in which the molecules are packed so that Au atoms are positioned far from each other. The RDF of the polycrystalline powder of this phase is shown in Fig. 9b. It contains no strong peaks near 3 A typical of Au-Au bonds. Comparison of two curves confirms the above interpretation of the strong peaks in the lower curve experimentally. This is a curious example in which the metal-metal interactions occur in a kinetically preferable metastable amorphous phase under conditions of fast precipitation of the substance from a solution, whereas a stable crystalline phase with no metal-metal contacts is formed by slow precipitation. ... 

Figure 7.5 The k(E) curves, experimental (shaded region and vertical lines) and RRKM calculations (lines), for the dissociation of n-butyl benzene ions. The two reactions proceed via "tight" and "loose" transition states. Taken with permission from Baer et al. (1988).

When a water-soluble initiator is added to a microemul-sion, polymer particles are nucleated mainly by the micellar mechanism. The role of the monomer-swollen micelles in microemulsion polymerization is not only to act as nucle-ation loci and surfactant reservoir but also as monomer reservoir. The fast nucleation rate leads to the initial increment of Rp. As the monomer is polymerized, its concentration in micelles diminishes and eventually monomer concentration within polymer particles decreases as well [205]. As a consequence, the nucleation and polymerization rates tend to decrease, explaining in this way the maximum in the Rp evolution curve experimentally observed. The final latex consists of surfactant-stabilized polymer particles that typically contain only polymer and empty micelles formed by excess surfactant. 

Fig. 4.1.5. Reflexion spectrum from a monodomain cholesteric film at normal incidence. Full curve experimental spectrum for a mixture of cholesteryl nonanoate, cholesteryl chloride and cholesteryl acetate in weight ratios 21 15 6 at 24 °C (intensity in arbitrary units). Broken curve spectrum computed from the exact theory for a film thickness of 21.0 ftm and pitch 0.4273 foa. (After Dreher...

Figure 9.9. TG and DTG curves. Experimental (dotted line) and theoretical curves (full lines) for plasti-sols containing 65 phr of DBF (a), DOP (b) and DIDP (c), at 5°C/min. [Reprinted from Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol 53, Beltran M., Marcilla A., PVC-plasticizer interactions during the thermal decomposition of PVC plastisols. Influence of the type of plasticizer and resin, p. 261-268, 1996, with permission from Elsevier Science],...

Upper curve experimental results of the sols diluted with distilled water. Lower curve similar experimental results for which care is taken that 5 m. eq. p. 1. KCl is always present in the sols (see text.)... 

Upper curve experimental results of the sols diluted with distilled water. 

Figure 4.1 Instrumental broadening of the chromatograms polystyrene standard reference materials. (A) Effect of solution concentration on observed chromatogram Mp = 1.43 x 10. Concentrations (a) 0.50 (b) 0.20 (c) 0.05 (d) 0.02 wt vol" %. 10 fim particles mixed gel (PS/DVB) column, 60 cm long (Polymer Lab. Ltd.) flow rate 1 cm min" 140°C ODCB mobile phase RI detector. (B) Separation of the individual oligomers by degree of polymerization, from 3 to 9. Mp = 580. Concentration 0.2 wt vol" %, flow rate 1 cm min" 140°C ODCB mobile phase RI detector. 2 x 10 /zm columns (PS/DVB gel) 50 and lOOA. (C) Polystyrene molecular weight/elution volume calibration curve. Experimental conditions as in (A).

It is not necessary to measure the rates of the solid state conversion reaction at a constant temperature as described above in order to determine k. A solid conversion can be studied by observing the reaction rate in a gradually rising temperature. The reaction rate coefficient can be derived from the conversion vs. temperature curve. Experimentally this is easier than measuring it isothermally. The method is similar to the one described for the isothermal case but the equation for ln(t2 — ti) is slightly more involved and contains several heating rates. 

FIGURE 12.16 (a) 2D H- H spin-diffusion spectrum of thymol. Boxes indicate the regions used for integration of each cross-peak. Asterisks indicate the carrier frequency artifacts (b) H- H spin-diffusion build-up curves. Experimental data points are represented by circles the best fit from the rate matrix analysis using the X-ray structure is shown using solid lines. Adapted with permission from Ref. [71]. Copyright 2009, RSC Publishing. 

Fig. 2.36. The histogram of a non-ideal random continuous network computer model of a-Ge and a-Si Broken curve - experimental RDF of sputtered a-Ge film (after Shevchik and Paul (1972)).

---