Recommended daily intakes

Organic production methods lead to increases in nutrients, particularly organic acids and polyphenolic compounds, many of which are considered to have potential human health benefits as antioxidants. The impact 

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DF is a major constituent of plant foods, and its importance in nutrition and health is widely recognized. Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies have addressed the role of DF in intestinal health and in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer, obesity, and diabetes (Sungsoo Cho and Dreher 2001 Spiller 2005). The recommended daily intake of DF is 25-30 g/person (Lunn and Buttriss 2007). 

Recommended Daiiy Aiiowance (RDA) an older standard for the FDA-recommended daily intake of a vitamin. 

Table 8.6 Recommended daily intake of high-quality protein for infants, children, teenagers and adults...

Table 8.7 Recommended daily intake of essential amino acids for adults, children and infants...

The RDA values are not requirements they are recommended daily intakes of certain essential nutrients. Based on available scientific knowledge, they are believed to be adequate for known nutritional needs for most healthy people under usual environmental stresses. The recommended allowances vary for age and sex, with extra allowances for women during pregnancy and lactation. The most commonly used RDA values (the reference male and reference female ) are those of adults 23 to 50 years of age. With the exception of energy (kilocalories), the RDA provide for individual requirement variations and prevent symptoms of clinical deficiency of 97% of the population. 

Use solvent, commonly found in beverages Source home, industry, stores, and alcoholic beverages Recommended daily intake none (not essential)... 

Use most widely used stimulant in the world Source coffee, tea, cola and other soft drinks, chocolate Recommended daily intake the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advised pregnant women to avoid caffeine-containing foods and drugs, if possible, or consume them only sparingly ... 

Our very existence is dependent on a number of metals, the most common of which is iron. Some of the more important ones are described below. As essential elements, the beneficial and adverse effects of these metals have been carefully studied and recommendations developed on daily intake. These recommendations are generally very broad and can vary depending on age - child or adult, young or old - or during pregnancy. The recommended daily intakes quoted below are for adults. These recommendations are actually oral exposure levels with intestinal absorption highly variable and dependent on the metal and other variables. A quick look at a typical cereal box will demonstrate the importance placed on these elements. 

Selenium is readily available in a variety of foods including shrimp, meat, dairy products, and grains, with a recommended daily intake of 55 to 70 jug. It occurs in several forms with Se+6 being biologically most important. Selenium is readily absorbed by the intestine and is widely distributed throughout the tissues of the body, with the highest levels in the liver and kidney. It is active in a variety of cellular functions and interacts with vitamin E. Selenium appears to reduce the toxic effects of metals such as cadmium and mercury and to have anticarcinogenic activity. Selenium produces notable adverse effects both in deficiency and excess thus recommended daily intake for adults is approximately 70 Jg/day but should not exceed 200 pg/day. 

Zinc plays a number of important roles in the body and deficiency results in serious adverse effects. Recommended daily intake is 12 to 15 mg. Zinc is very common in the environment and readily available in many foods, including grains, nuts, legumes, meats, seafood, and dairy products. Numerous enzymes require zinc, as do proteins that regulate gene expression. Zinc plays a role in the immune system and is also important in the development and function of the nervous system. 

Use nuclear power, medical X-rays, medical diagnostics, scientific research, cancer treatment, cathode ray tube displays Source radon, X-rays, radioactive materials produce alpha, beta, and gamma radiation, cosmic rays from the sun and space Recommended daily intake none (not essential)... 

Use naturally occurring (mold, radon) and purchased household products (medicines, pesticides, cleaning agents, paint, mercury thermometers) Source natural and manufactured Recommended daily intake usually not recommended Absorption skin, oral, inhalation... 

The main sources of vitamin C are green vegetables and citrus fruit. Animal tissue contains vitamin C, mainly in the kidneys and liver. The level of vitamin C in food is rapidly reduced during cooking or storage due to oxidation or water dissolution. It is added to food as an antioxidant (with no specified limit on the level of use) or as a supplement (with a maximum recommended daily intake of 3000mg/day). The forms admitted are L-ascorbic acid (AA), L-ascorbyl 6-palmitate, sodium, calcium, or potassium L-ascorbate [403]. 

The range of potato manganese content has been reported from 0.73-3. 62 p,g/g FW (Rivero etal., 2003) to 9-13 p,g/g DW (Orphanos, 1980). Manganese has a role in blood sugar regulation, metabolism, and thyroid hormone function. Recommended daily intake in the USA is 2-10 mg. 

Iron deficiency affects more than 1.7 billion people worldwide and has been called the most widespread health problem in the world by the World Health Organization. Due to severe iron deficiency, more than 60 000 women die in pregnancy and childbirth each year, and almost 500 million women of childbearing age suffer from anemia. Dietary iron requirements depend on mrmerous factors, for example, age, sex, and diet composition. Recommended daily intake in the USA varies dependent on gender and age. Potato is a modest source of iron. A study of cultivated varieties showed 0.3-2.3 mg of Fe in a 100 g tuber (True et al., 1978). Ranges of iron content from 6 to 158 p,g/g of DW have been reported (Andre et al., 2007 Wills et al.. 

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