Major Commercial ES Products

Development of and demands for supercapacitors arose from the heightened awareness of alternative energies and a conservative outlook on energy efficiency. Both factors helped reduce costs of these devices to -99% per farad. 

Organizations holding largest numbers of battery and ultracapacitor patents pertaining to HEV/PHEV/EV. (Source Ruegg, R. and R Thomas. 2008. Ultracapacitors for Hybrid, Plug-In Hybrid, and Electric Vehicles. U.S. Department of Energy.) 

The remarkable decline in price is complemented by an increase in the number of producing companies and their forecasted product lines intended to meet the increasing demands for ES devices in the future [26]. 

A number of manufacturers around the world develop ES products including Maxwell Technologies and Epcos in North America Cap-XX in Australia NEC Tokin and Panasonic in Japan and Nesscap in South Korea. See Table 5.6 for a complete list. 

Maxwell Technologies — Maxwell has an extensive history of developing and manufacturing power products. It produces a diverse range of small (prismatic and cylindrical) and large cells (cylindrical) to match competitors products. Cell capacitances range from 5 to 3000 F, with larger bank 

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