Smoke extraction

These include, for example, smoke extraction systems. In ventilation and air conditioning systems certain equipment can also require special safety measures (e.g., due to explosion risks). 

Smoke extraction A mechanical ot natu-tal means by which smoke generated during a process or a fire is removed from the space to outdoors. 

Fire authorities may stipulate pressurization of certain areas such as stairways and may require smoke-extract systems to be brought into operation automatically in the event of a fire. They should be consulted at an early stage of the design. 

Ouyang, Y. et al., Suppression of human IL-lbeta, IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha production by cigarette smoke extracts, J. Allergy. Clin. Immunol., 106, 280, 2000. 

Water-soluble nickel salts enter the cells with relative ease but are less effective than crystalline particulates in the cell transformation assay, when using hamster cells [429, 430]. However, an enhancement of viral transformation of cells has been found [431, 432], In addition, a synergistic effect of cigarette smoke extracts, benzo[a]pyrene and nickel sulphate on the morphological transformation of hamster embryo cells has also been obtained [433], It was suggested that nickel salts are more potent as promoters than they are as initiators [434],... 

The chimney, originally devised to increase draught through fires and to provide smoke extraction, has found extensive use in many industries to aid the dispersion of odour. The extra height gained by the point of emission is frequently enough to give the extra dilution required to reduce the risk of odour nuisance at even relatively nearby properties. 

Total particulate matter in cigarette smoke Extract particulate matter with NaOH, buffer to a pH 4.6 HPLC-fluorescence spectrophotometer 0.3 mg/L 91% at 20-30 pg... 

Angiogenesis inhibition. Cigarette smoke or smoke extract, administered to ulcerated rats once daily for 3 days, produced concomitant and dose-dependent reduction of angiogenesis and constitutive nitric oxide synthase activity . ... 

Cytochrome C oxidase inhibition. Smoke extract, in the mouse brain mitochondria culture in the presence or absence of vitamin C for 60 minutes, inhibited mitochon-... 

E-cadherin expression. Smoke extract, on pig airway epithelial cells and mouse trachea, produced a decrease of E-cadherin expression on membrane and an increase of cytoplasmic expression at 12 and 24 hours after exposure. The expression at 24 hours was higher than at 12 hours k Electron transport inhibition. Acetonitrile extracts of cigarette tar inhibited stage three and four respiration of intact mitochondria. Exposure of respiring submito-chondrial particles to the acetonitrile extracts of cigarette tar results in a dose-dependent inhibition of oxygen consumption... 

Lipemic activity. Cigarette smoke extract, in macrophages with LDL culture at a dose of 100 Xg/mL, stimulated cholesteryl oleate synthesis approximately equal to 12.5-fold. Enhancement in cholesteryl ester synthesis was dependent on the concentration of smoke-modified LDL and exhibited saturation kinetics. There was extensive fragmentation of apo B. This LDL modification depended on the incubation time and concentration of the smoke extract. Superoxide dismutase inhibited LDL modification by 52%, suggesting that superoxide anion is involved. The results indicated that smoke extract alters LDL into a form recognized and incorporated by macrophages . En-... 

Mitochondrial ATPase inhibition. Smoke extract, in the mouse brain mitochondria culture in the presence or absence of vitamin C for 60 minutes, inhibited mitochondrial ATPase and cytochrome C oxidase activities in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of extract on mitochondria swelling response to calcium stimulation was dependent on calcium concentrations. The extract treatment induced mitochondrial inner membrane damage and vacuolization of the matrix, whereas the outer mitochondrial membrane was preserved. Nicotine produced no significant damage . Mitogenic activity. Water extract of the dried leaf, administered to mice at a concentration of 0.05%, was active on lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph node and lymphocytes B and T. Intracellular Ca level was unchanged. The extract was active on... 

Sudden infant death syndrome. Water-soluble smoke extract, in cell culture supernatants of mouse fibroblasts (L-929 cell line), produced an increase in TNF-a from respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells. It decreased TNF-a from cells incubated with toxic shock syndrome toxin. Incubation with cigarette smoke extract decreased the NO production from respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells and increased the NO production from cells incubated with toxic shock syndrome toxin. Monocytes from a minority of individuals demonstrated extreme TNF-a responses and/or very high or very low NO. The proportion of samples in which extreme responses with a very high TNF-a and very low NO were detected was increased in the presence of the three agents to 20% compared with 0% observed with toxic shock syndrome toxin. One to 4% was observed with cigarette smoke extract or respiratory syncytial virus L Symphatomimetic activity. Water extract of the dried leaf, administered intravenously to cats at doses of 0.05 and 10-20 mg/kg. 

TNF -a production. Water-soluble cigarette smoke extract and/or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), in cell culture, stimulated TNF-a release from monocytes by both RSV infection and smoke extract and an additive effect was observed. There was a decrease in NO release, significant only with smoke extract or a combination of smoke extract and RSV infection. Nicotine decreased both TNF-a and NO responses. The proportion of extreme responses with very high TNF-a and very low NO in the presence of both RSV and smoke extract... 

NT007 Yang, Y. M., and G. T. Liu. Injury of mouse brain mitochondria induced by cigarette smoke extract and effect of vitamin C on it in vitro. Biomed Environ Sci 2003 16(3) 256-266. 

NT125 Yokode, M., T. Kita, H. Arai, C. Kawai, S. Narumiya, and M. Fujiwara. Cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages incubated with low density lipoprotein pretreated with cigarette smoke extract. Proc Natl Acad SciUSA 1988 85(7) 2344-2348. 

NT191 Onoue, S., Y. Ohmori, K. Endo, S. Yamada, R. Kimura, and T. Yajima. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pitu-itary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide attenuate the cigarette smoke extract-induced apoptotic death of rat alveolar L2 cells. Eur J Biochem 2004 271(9) 1757-1767. 

NT197 Wang, H. Y., V. Y. Shin, S. Y. Leung, S. T. Yuen, and C. H. Cho. Involvement of bcl-2 and caspase-3 in apoptosis induced by cigarette smoke extract in the gastric epithelial cell. Toxicol Pathol 2003 31(2) 220-226. 

Sawaragi. Influence of a cigarette smoke extract on the hormonal regulation of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in rats. Biol Reprod 1995 53(2) 244-252. 

NT318 Gocze, P. M., 1. Szabo, and D. A. Freeman. Influence of nicotine, cotinine, anabasine and cigarette smoke extract on human granulose cell progesterone NT331 and estradiol synthesis. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999 13(4) 266-272. 

Smoke flavourings means smoke extracts used in traditional foodstuff smoking processes. The EU Regulation on smoke flavourings subdivides them into four categories ... 

Extract-enhanced leaves can also be smoked. Extract-enhanced leaves can be very strong and should only be smoked when a sitter is present. It is possible to vaporize leaves or extract in a special vaporizer that heats up material without burning it. Vaporization can be deceiving. Because very little smoke is produced, it is possible to inhale a very large dose without realizing it. Anyone trying vaporization absolutely MUST have a sitter present. Many commercial vaporizers made for Cannabis will not work for Salvia. Special Salvia vaporizers can be built easily, but vaporization is not for those new to Salvia. 

Have a sitter (this is especially important if you are new to Salvia, taking a high dose, smoking extract, or using a very strong delivery system such as vaporization). 

Be very careful about using vaporized extracts, vaporized leaves, or smoking extract enhanced leaves. These require a sitter to be present. Chewing quid or smoking leaves is much less likely to produce out-of-control behavior than these are. 

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