Extraction treatments

Solvent Extraction. Treatment of oil-bearing materials with solvent can effect virtually complete removal of oil from meal. However, the... 

Monta.n Wax. An important product of the direct extractive treatment of lignitic coals is montan wax [8002-53-7]. The term montan wax or Bergwachs refers strictiy to the material obtained by solvent extraction of suitable German brown coals. The generic term for similar materials is montana wax. The small quantities made outside Germany are usually referred to as montan, prefixed by the country of origin (see Waxes). 

U.S. EPA, Emerging Technology Summay Acid Extraction Treatment SystemforTreatment of Metal Contaminated S oils, EPA/540/SR-94/513, prepared by S. W. Paff, B. E. BosUovich, and N. J. Kardos, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1994. 

The continuous light-water process developed by Hoechst [4] comprises five steps sulfoxidation, extract treatment, neutralization, distillation, and final treatment. Typically, the sulfoxidation proceeds in a trough-like reactor (1 in Fig. 2) of 55-m3 volume. The reactor has 40 UV lamps which are energized between 18 and 28 kW. 

Data summarizing the effects of the inhibitory weed extracts on sorghum water status was taken from the second trial in each case (Table V). All of these extract treatments had reduced sorghum growth, and all but one had some effect on plant water balance. 

U.S. EPA, Engineering Bulletin Solvent Extraction Treatment, Hazardous Waste Engineering Laboratory, EPA/540/2-90/013, U.S. EPA, Washington, 1990. 

Mangaroo A.S., Himes F.L., McLean E.O. The adsorption of zinc by some soils after various pre-extraction treatments. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 1965 29 242-245. 

The possibility of using nitric acid as an oxidizing agent in a leaching operation is often prohibitive because many reagents used in solvent extraction are not stable in an oxidizing solution. By the AX method, however, a nitric acid (nitrate) leach solution can be converted to a weak sulfuric acid (sulfate) solution, well suited for a solvent extraction treatment. 

Mitochondrial ATPase inhibition. Smoke extract, in the mouse brain mitochondria culture in the presence or absence of vitamin C for 60 minutes, inhibited mitochondrial ATPase and cytochrome C oxidase activities in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of extract on mitochondria swelling response to calcium stimulation was dependent on calcium concentrations. The extract treatment induced mitochondrial inner membrane damage and vacuolization of the matrix, whereas the outer mitochondrial membrane was preserved. Nicotine produced no significant damage . Mitogenic activity. Water extract of the dried leaf, administered to mice at a concentration of 0.05%, was active on lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph node and lymphocytes B and T. Intracellular Ca level was unchanged. The extract was active on... 

T0176 Concurrent Technologies Corporation, Acid Extraction Treatment System (AETS) T0178 Constructed Wetlands—General... 

The acid extraction treatment system (AETS) reduces the concentrations and/or leachability of heavy metals in contaminated soils so that the soils can be returned to the original site. The main application of the AETS is to extract heavy metals from soils. Additional applications of the AETS include treatment of contaminated sediments, sludges, and other heavy-metal-containing solids. 

Air. Hydrocarbon vapors in air are readily treated with biofilters. These arc typically rather large devices with a very large surface area provided by bulky material such as a bark or straw compost. Tile contaminated air, perhaps from a soil vapor-extraction treatment or from a factory using hydrocarbon solvents, is blown through the filter, and organisms, usually indigenous to the filler material or provided by a soil or commercial inoculum, grow and consume the hydrocarbons. 

To achieve a faujasite-type product with the maximum 0-NNN sites requires a 10 SiC>2/Al203 product with ordered distribution of Al3 in the T-sites. This is die material I choose to designate type Z faujasite. In terms of die unit cell, this is 32A13+/UC (32/(192-32)=0.2). It seems unlikely that stabilization or extraction treatments will yield such a product The optimum zeolite reported by Pine, et al. as 24A13+/UC is at least 25% off the maximum possibly due to a significant concentration of Si(OAl)2 in the parent zeolite. 

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