Alpha production

The electromagnetic separation plant built during World War 11 at Oak Ridge, involved two types of calutrons, alpha and beta. The larger alpha calutrons were used for the enrichment of natural uranium, and the beta calutrons were used for the final separation of U from the pre-enriched alpha product. For the electromagnetic separation process, UO was converted into UCl [10026-10-5] with CCl. The UCl was fed into the calutron for separation. The calutron technique has been used to separate pure samples of and stable isotopes of many other elements. The Y-12 calutron... 

Borgermann, J. et al., Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in whole blood after cardiopulmonary bypass downregulation caused by circulating cytokine-inhibitory activities, J. Thorax . Cardiovasc. Surg., 124, 608, 2002. 

Ouyang, Y. et al., Suppression of human IL-lbeta, IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha production by cigarette smoke extracts, J. Allergy. Clin. Immunol., 106, 280, 2000. 

Larabi M, et al. Reduction of NO synthase expression and TNF alpha production of macrophages by amphotericin B lipid carriers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001 45 553. 

Deposition can be carried out potentiostatically, with a copper cycle deposition potential of 0.17 V versus SCE and a nickel depKJsition cycle of 1.19 V versus SCE. The durations of the pulses can be set to give the desired thicknesses, and for each experiment the number of coulombs passed in the copper and the nickel deposition time segments can be controlled. Deposition of samples can typically be made onto commercial poly crystalline copper sheet supplied by, say, Ventron (Alpha Products), and this copper substrate can be dissolved subsequently by immersion in an NH4OH/H2O2 solution. 

Paraformaldehyde was purchased from Alpha Products, Morton/Thiokol... 

Sekiwa, Y., Y. Mizuno, Y. Yamamoto, K. Kubota, A. Kobayashi, and H. Koshino. Isolation of some glucosides as aroma precursors from ginger. Biosci Biotech Biochem 1999 63(2) 384—389. Cho, J. Y., J. Park, P. S. Kim, et al. Inhibitory effect of oriental herbal medicines on tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in lipopolysaccharide-... 

The phenyl lithium solution was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. The checkers used 64 mL (0.115 mol) of 1.8 M phenyllithium in 75 25 benzene-ether which was purchased from Alpha Products, Morton/Thiokol Inc. 

Si02 0.0015 Ti(OEt)4 0.12 CTABr 0.26 TMAOH 24.3 H20 were CTABr is cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (from Aldrich), TMAOH is tetramethylammonium hydroxide (from Aldrich). The silica source was Aerosil-200 from Degussa and Ti(OEt)4 was supplied by Alpha Products. The crystallization was performed at 100°C for 48 hours in Teflon lined stainsteel autoclaves. The solid was recovered by filtration and exhaustive washing with distilled water until neutral pH in the filtrate was obtained. Then, the Ti-MCM-41 was dried at 60°C for 24 hours. The occluded surfactant was removed by calcination at 540°C in nitrogen for 1 hour and subsequently, for 5 hours in air. 

Deposition of samples can typically be made onto commercial polycrystalline copper sheet supplied by, say, Ventron (Alpha Products), and this copper substrate can be dissolved subsequently by immersion in an NH40H/H202 solution. 

Lee JE, Bokoch G, Liang BT (2001) A novel cardioprotective role of RhoA new signaling mechanism for adenosine. FASEB J 15(11) 1886—1894 Lee JY, Jhun BS, Oh YT, Lee JH, Choe W, Baik HH, Ha J, Yoon KS, Kim SS, Kang I (2006) Activation of adenosine A3 receptor suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production through inhibition of PI3-kinase/Akt and NF-kappaB activation in murine BV2 microglial cells. Neurosci Lett 396(1) 1-6... 

VI. Vallin, H., Blomberg, S., Aim, G. V., Cederblad, B., and Ronnblom, L., Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a circulating inducer of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) production acting on leucocytes resembling immature dendritic cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 115, 196—202 (1999). 

Spengler RN, Chensue SW, Giacherio DA, Blenk N, Kunkel SL (1994) Endogenous norepinephrine regulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from macrophages in vitro. J. Immunol. 152 3024-3031. 

Yang, M. and Cook, M.E. 2003. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid decreased cachexia, macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha production, and modifies splenocyte cytokines production. Exp Biol Med 228 51-58. 

The alpha aluminum oxide was purchased from Alpha Products, Thiokol/Ventron Division. The aluminum oxide h d a particle size of 40 microns, a surface area of 160 m /g, and consisted of 90% AI2O2 and 9% H2O, according to the manufacturer. The aluminum oxide was dried in 50 g batches under a vacuum for two days before use. 

Van Den ort AL. Yan L, Madara PJ, Cobb JP, Wesley RA, Corriveau CC. Tropea MM and Danner RL, Nitric oxide regulates endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha production by human neutrophils. J Immunol 152(8) 4102-9, 1994. 

Chung lY, Benveniste EN (1990) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by astrocytes. Induction by lipopolysaccharide, IFN-gamma, and IL-1 beta. J Immunol 144 2999-3007. 

Bessler H, Djaldetti R, Sahnan H, Bergman M, Djaldetti M (1999) IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Parkinson s disease. Biomed Pharmacother 53 141-145. 

Contreras X, Bennasser Y, Chazal N, Moreau M, Leclerc C, Tkaczuk J, Bahraoui E (2005) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein induces an intracellular calcium increase in human monocytes that requires DHP receptors Involvement in TNF-alpha production. Virology 332 316-328. 

AE, Loor K, Green J, Dietrich WD (1999) SystemicaUy administered interleukin-10 reduces tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and significantly improves functional recovery following traumatic spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 16 851-863. 

Greer, I. McLaren, M. Calder, A. Vaginal administration of PGE2 for induction of labor stimulates endogenous PGF2 alpha production. Acta. Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 1990, 69, 621-625. 

Meldrum KK, Meldrum DR, Hile KL, Yerkes EB, Ayala A, Cain MP, Rink RC, Casale AJ, and Kaefer MA. p38 MARK mediates renal tubularcellTNF-alpha production and TNF-alpha-dependent apoptosis during simulatedischemia. American Journal of Physiology 281 C563-570, 2001. 

Before you take the exam, be certain you are familiar with the following terms alpha productivity tool... 

Grimble, R.F., Howell, W.M., O Reilly, G., Turner, S.J., Markovic, O., Hirrell, S., East, J.M., and Calder, P.C. 2002. The ability of fish oil to suppress tumor necrosis factor alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy men is associated with polymorphisms in genes that influence tumor necrosis factor alpha production. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76, 454-459. 

Chao, C. C., Hu, S., Sheng, W. I., and Peterson, P. K., Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by human fetal microglial cells regulation by other cytokines, Dev. Neu-rosci., 17, 105, 1995. 

Zheng ZM, Specter S, Friedman H (1992) Inhibition by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol of tumor necrosis factor alpha production by mouse and human macrophages. Int J Immunopharmacol 14 1445-1452... 

Prato, M., Giribaldi, G., Polimeni, M., Gallo, V., and Arese, P. (2005). Phagocytosis of hemozoin enhances matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and TNF-alpha production in human monocytes Role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of falciparum malaria. J. Immunol. 175,6436-6442. 

Y9. Yu, C. L., Chang, K. L., Chiu, C. C., Chiang, B. N., Han, S. H and Wang, S. R. Defective phagocytosis, decreased tumour necrosis factor-alpha production, and lymphocyte hypore-sponsiveness predispose patients with systemic lupus erythematosus to infections. Scand. J. Rheumatol 18, 97-105 (1989). 

Babcock, T. A., Helton, W. S., Hong, D. and Espat, N. J. Omega-3 fatty acid lipid emulsion reduces LPS-stimulated macrophage TNF-alpha production. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 3 (2002) 145-149. 

Eno, Y., Toriyama, M., Kudo, K., Natori, Y, and Yuo, A. (1992). Erythromycin inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumour necrosis factor-alpha production by human monocytes in vitro. Ann. Oto. Rhino. Laryngol. 101, 16-20. 

Lepe-Zunga, J. L., and Klostergaard, J. (1990). Tolerance to endotoxin in vitro Independent regulation of interleukin-1, tiunor necrosis factor and interferon alpha production during in vitro differentiation of human monocytes. Lymphokine Res. 9, 309-319. 

Cross sections for neutron capture reactions in units of barns (10 cm ) or millibarns (mb). Proton, alpha production and fission reactions are designated by Cp, a . Op respectively. Separate values are listed for isomeric production. 

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