Total particulate P

Most of the epilimnetic particulate P was found in the 1.0-8.2- xm size range, which comprises small plankton and detrital material. During the mixing and early stratification periods, a major fraction of total particulate P was associated with diatoms. Two diatom-dominated size fractions, 63-19 and 211-114 xm, accounted for 20 and 12%, respectively, of the integrated total particulate P burden at peak levels in spring. Total diatom-P contri-... 

Figure 10. Phosphorus settling rates in 1982, calculated as the sediment-trap-measured depositional flux divided by the total particulate P concentration...

The cycling and availability of P in estuaries is largely dependent upon P speciation. Consequently, total P (TP) has traditionally been divided into total dissolved P (TDP) and total particulate P (TPP) fractions (Juday et al., 1927), which can further be divided... 

VM and P naphtha Warfarin Welding fumes (total particulate) (NOC) F (0.8 pm MCEF) 720 1500 G... 

Vertical profiles of O2 and particulate and dissolved trace metal concentrations at 32.5°E and 44.5°N in the Black Sea. (a) Temperature, salinity, fluorescence, and O2 (b) ammonium, silica, nitrate+nitrite, and phosphate (c) Fe (d) Mn (e) Co (f) Pb (g) Cu (h) Zn (I) Cd and Ni. In the trace metal profiles, the dissolved concentrations are represented as solid circles, the total particulate concentrations by open circles, the acid-leachable particulate concentrations by open squares, and the suspended particulate matter concentrations by the solid triangles. Source-. After Tankere, S. P. C., et al. (2001). Continental Shelf Research, 21, 1501-1532. 

Figure 11.7 Total particulate phase content of phosphorus [e.g., labile, Fe-P, organic P (Org-P), calcium phosphate (Ca-P), and detrital phosphorus (Detr-p)] in total suspended solids (TSS) (pg g-1 dry wt. TSS) in waters of the lower Mississippi River and inner Louisiana shelf, versus seasonal variability and increasing salinity. (Modified from Sutula et al 2004.)...

Fig. 6 Episodic vertical flux events of total particulate material (TPM) and particulate organic carbon (POC) at 100 m depth induced by P. pouchetii-deiived material quantified as transparent polymer particles (TEP, in terms of gum xanthan equivalents) in Balsfjord, northern Norway, from March to October, 1996. Vertical flux is given as mg nT2 d 1.

The net flux of P to the ocean (0.8 x 10 mol d i. Fig. 17.3) was calculated by difference (total dissolved and particulate inputs for the entire shelf system minus burial and nearshore export). This flux requires that the dissolved P concentration on the outer shelf be 0.1 pmol L-i, which is in good agreement with observed values (DeMaster and Pope 1996). The marine particulate contribution to the offshore net P flux (0.14 x 10 mol d"i or 26% of the total) was based on the marine particulate N export from the shelf (Daley 1997) and the Redfield N/P ratio of 16. These data indicate that of the total dissolved P reaching the Amazon shelf (0.7-0.8 X 10 mol d l), approximately 100% ultimately is exported in dissolved or particulate form to the open ocean (Table 17.2). 

Table 7-17. Average Concentrations (p,g/mJ) of Total Particulate Matter (TPM), Ether-Extractable Organic Matter (EEOM), and of Groups of Neutral Compounds, Organic Acids, and Organic Bases, from Measurements at Various Locations (Hahn, 1980 Eichmann et ai, 1980)... 

Ceschini, P. and A. Lafaye Evolution of the gas-vapour phase and the total particulate matter of cigarette smoke in a single puff Beitr. Tabakforsch. 8 (1976) 378-381. 

Chengming, Z. The determination of B[a]P in the total particulate matter of cigarette smoke 54th Tobacco Science Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 54, Paper No. 51, 2000, p. 48. 

Crowell, E.P. Determination of moisture in total particulate matter of cigarette smoke by near-infrared spectrophotometry 14th Tobacco Chemists Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 14, Paper No. 30, 1960, p. 15 Crowell, E.P., WF. Kuhn, F.E. Resnik, and C.J. Varsel The determination of moisture in total particulate matter of cigarette smoke by near-infrared spectrophotometry Tob. Sci. 5 (1961) 54-57. 

Diffee, J.T. Spectrophotometric determination of total carotenoids in cured and green tobacco leaves 28th Tobacco Chemists Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 28, Paper No. 37,1974, p. 26. Diffee, J.T. Automated determination of nicotine alkaloids in cigarette smoke total particulate matter RDM, 1975, No. 20, May 19, see www.ijrtdocs.com 500616251 -6262. 

Risner, C.H. The determination of benzo[a]pyrene and benz[a] anthracene in the total particulate matter of cigarette smoke by high-performance liquid chromatography R DM, 1986, No. 143, September 2, see www. ijrtdocs.com 506472122 -2167 The determination of benzo[a]pyrene in the total particulate matter of cigarette smoke 40th Tobacco Chemists Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 40, Paper No. 39, 1986, p. 21 The determination of benzo[a]pyrene in the... 

Several important studies have examined the transfer of P between terrestrial and marine environments (e.g., Froelich 1988, Berner and Rao 1994, Ruttenberg and Goni 1997), but more work clearly needs to be done to quantify the interactions between dissolved and particulate P forms and the aquatic/marine interface. The net pre-human flux of dissolved P to the oceans is 1 Tg P/year, with an additional 1-2 Tg P/year of potentially soluble P, bringing the total to about 2-3 Tg P/year. Thus, the residence time of biologically available P on land is about 40-60 kyr with respect to export to the oceans. It may be no coincidence that this residence time is of a glacial timescale—later I discuss the control of climate on the terrestrial P cycle. But clearly, the interaction between biologically available P on land and loss of this P to the oceans is relatively dynamic and speaks to the relatively rapid cycling of P on land. 

In lieu of analytical data, estimates of the contaminant distribution can be made by computing the contribution of a given size fraction to the total particulate number concentration, area, and volume from knowledge of the particle size distribution. When the particle size distribution is described by the power-law model, a rapid estimate of contaminant distribution can be made from the magnitude of the model parameter p, which describes the slope of the frequency distribution. 

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