Skin Wound

A skin wound cleanser is a nonirritating, Hquid preparation (or product to be used with water) that assists in the removal of foreign material from small superficial wounds, does not delay wound healing, and may contain an antimicrobial ingredient. 

Prior to 1977, trichloroethylene was used as a general and obstetrical anesthetic grain fumigant skin, wound, and surgical disinfectant pet food additive and extractant of spice oleoresins in food and of caffeine for the... 

These data, taken together, demonstrate that topical application of rifaximin represents an effective and safe treatment of pyogenic skin infections. An additional application of this dermatological formulation would be infection prophylaxis in superficial skin wounds, particularly when used with a dressing that occludes the wound. Prophylactic topical antibiotic use makes particular sense for wounds in which the risk of infection is high, such as those that are likely to be contaminated (accidental wounds, lacerations, abrasions, and burns). Because all traumatic wounds should be considered contaminated, topical antibiotics are a logical measure to prevent wound... 

Applied to wounds, bums or surgical incisions, hydrogel materials cover the injured parts of skin (wounds) and promote healing and skin growth. 

Iodine is the least reactive of the elements in the halogen group 17. Most people associate iodine with the dark-brown color of the tincture of iodine used as an antiseptic for minor skin abrasions and cuts. A tincture is a 50% solution of iodine in alcohol. Although it is still used, iodine is no longer the antibiotic of choice for small skin wounds. Since iodine is a poison that kills bacteria, iodine tablets are often used by campers and others to purify water that is taken from outdoor streams. 

Iodine is a poison, and as such, care must be taken when handling and using it. Even in less than pure form, it can damage the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Both the elemental form and its compounds (gases, liquids, or sohds) are toxic if inhaled or ingested. Even in diluted form (e.g., a tincture of iodine to treat minor skin wounds), it should be used with care. 

The demonstration of the potential of this stable and obviously excellently tolerated compound has inspired a great number of scientists to develop PFCLs as special tools for medical applications and to introduce therapies using the outstanding behaviours of PFCLs, like the well-known concepts of complete and partial liquid ventilation [4], oxygen support of the skin, wound treatment [5], artificial tears [6], and ocular endotamponade media [1], to name only a few. Until now, the mouse submersed in PFCLs is often used as an eye-catcher for the demonstration of the biocompatibility of PFCLs even in cases where the topic of the presentation is not reflected by this experiment. 

St. John s wort has been used to treat a wide range of ailments for more than 2000 years, and is said to have been prescribed by Hippocrates himself. Apart from depression, St. John s wort is being promoted or used as a treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, stress, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sleep problems, nocturnal enuresis, bacterial and viral infections such as HIV-AIDS, respiratory conditions, peptic ulceration, inflammatory arthritis, cancer, and skin wounds (Rey and Walter, 1998 Walter et ah, 2000). It is also said to increase libido, an application dating from the Middle Ages (Fletcher, 1996). No empirical evidence is currently available to support any of these uses. 

Fig. 8. Variation of the skin wound half-life with degradation rate R (in collagenase) of collagen-GAG matrix. The half-life is the time required for a wound to contract to 50% of the original area. The degradation is in empirical units, which are defined in terms of an in vitro assay. A somewhat arbitrary broken vertical line is drawn near R = 140 enzyme units. This line shows the level of degradation rate above which the half-life of matrices rapidly drops to the level of the ungrafted wound. The horizontal scale is logarithmic [79]...

Fig. 12. The kinetics of contraction of full-thickness guinea pig skin wounds separate collagen-GAG matrices into three classes. The wound half-life t,/2 is the number of days necessary to reduce the original wound area to 50%. An inactive matrix does not delay wound contraction significantly relative to the ungrafted control and eventually allows formation of a linear scar. An active, cell-free matrix delays wound contraction by about 20 days but eventually allows lull contraction to occur. An active matrix, which has been seeded with a minimal number of skin cells, delays contraction significantly, later arrests it, and eventually induces synthesis of a new dermis and epidermis within an expanding wound perimeter...

It is fairly obvious that the unusual biological activity of certain collagen-GAG matrices is due to specific cell-matrix interactions which take place when these matrices are in contact with the skin wound bed or with the cut end of the nerve. The molecular character of these interactions is currently under study. 

Hansen SL, Voigt DW, Wiebelhaus P, Paul CN (2001) Using skin replacement products to treat burns and wounds. Adv Skin Wound Care 14(1) 37 4... 

Accelerated healing of severely dr y skin, cracked skin, and minor burns To reduce skin wound healing time and risk of infection Follow-up skin treatment for patients undergoing radiation therapy or otherdrying/burning medical therapies... 

In the same publication, a dressing that limits pain is most desirable which usually means an occlusive or water vapor barrier. However, a semipermeable dressing would be preferable that would control the amount of water vapor loss. A dressing that conforms to any contour, and a dressing that does not firmly attach to the tissue or interfere with the natural healing process are most desirable for superficial and full thickness skin wounds as well as deep tissue wounds. Further, a dressing that limits body water loss to less than 35 g of water vapor transmitted per m2 per hour is considered low enough to maintain a moist environment for most wounds. 

Abiko M, Rodgers KE, Campeau JD, Nakamura RM, Dizerega GS. Alterations of angiotensin II receptor levels in full-thickness excisional wounds in rat skin. Wound Repair and Regeneration 1996, 4, 363-367. 

Cunningham D, Henning T, Young D, Berardesca E. Wound healing after lancing the skin. Wounds 2000, 12, 131-137. 

Basualdo, C., Sgroy, V., Finola, M. S., and Marioli, J. M. (2007). Comparison of the antibacterial activity of honey from different provenance against bacteria usually isolated from skin wounds. Vet. Microbiol. 124, 375-381. 

Skin wound healing was investigated in a riboflavin-deficient rat model epithelialization was prolonged, wound contraction slowed and total collagen content reduced by 25%.114... 

Lakshmi, R., Lakshmi, A.V., and Bamji, M.S., Skin wound healing in riboflavin deficiency, Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol., 42, 185, 1989. 

Sugihara, A., Sugiura, K., Morita, H., Ninagawa, T., Tubouchi, K., Tobe, R., Izumiya, M., Horio, T., Abraham, N.G., and Ikehara, S. "Promotive effects of a silk film on epidermal recovery from full-thickness skin wounds". Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 225(1), 58-64 (2000). 

The ability of maggots to promote healing of lacerations on skin wounds is the result of their secretion of the chemical allantoin. A less offensive source of allantoin is the synthetic form. Synthetic allantoin is available today to accelerate wound healing and is used in skin ulcer therapy when applied topically (similar uses exist in veterinary medicine). An alternative theory to explain the maggots mechanism of action is that they secrete antimicrobial waste products such as ammonium, calcium, or other bicarbonates that break down only the necrotic tissue in wounds these secretions also change the alkalinity of the wound to help it to heal. 

Reinsert the uterus, oviduct, ovary, and fat pad into the peritoneal cavity, appose the peritoneum with 1 or 2 sutures, then staple the skin wound. 

Benzocaine Antipruritic and local anesthetic Itching, minor skin wound pain, and insect bites Americaine 20... 

---