Wound repair

Fibrotic disease results from epithelial injury and abnormal wound repair in the absence of preceding inflammation. 

The Thl/Th2 balance, central to the regulation of normal wound repair. Chapter 17, Fig. 1. 

Fig. 14.1. The Thl/Th2 balance is central to the regulation of normal wound repair. Tissue injury results in the initiation of an inflammatory response, mediated by a variety of cells and their by-products. Immune cells are recruited and cross-regulate the Thl/ Th2 balance that occurs in response to the cytokine environment. This balance is in turn cross-regulated by the chemokine/chemokine-receptor expression profile, which functions to amplify the inflammatory process. Cells residing in the injured tissue release profibrotic mediators, which promote fibroblast activation, proliferation, and differentiation to the myofibroblast phenotype. Myofibroblasts produce collagen to repair damaged tissue, which is an event that is favored by the inhibition of MMP activity. The Thl/Th2 balance is central to whether a normal or aberrant wound-repair process is established A Thl environment promotes normal tissue resolution (fibrinolysis), whereas a Th2 environment maintains the progression of fibrotic disease (excessive collagen deposition).

A method was recently developed to deliver plasmid DNA locally to cells involved in wound repair (Bonadio et al., 1999 Fang et al., 1996 Shea et al., 1999). The technique involves the introduction of a porous, biodegradable polymer matrix into the wound site (Bonadio et al., 1998). The scaffold (a gene activated matrix, or GAM), in its simplest form comprises plasmid DNA and the polymer matrix (Bonadio, 2000). Naked... 

Dire DJ, Coppola M, Dwyer DA, Lorette JJ, Karr JL Prospective evaluation of topical antibiotics for preventing infections in uncomplicated soft-tissue wounds repaired in the ED. Acad Emerg Med 1995 2 4-10. 

Ross C, Kiipper FC, Vreeland V, Waite JH, Jacobs RS (2005) Evidence of a latent oxidative burst in relation to wound repair in the giant unicellular chlorophyte Dasycladus vermicularis. J Phycol 41 531-541... 

K.S. Bohl Masters, S.J. Leibovich, P.Belem, J.L. West, L.A. Poole-Warren, Wound Repair Regener. 2002 10 286. 

As another extracellular component in the cornea, the Bowman s layer is an acellular and amorphous band between the corneal epithelium and stroma. The layer is about 8-12 [im thick and consists of randomly arranged collagen fibers (types I and III) and proteoglycans. The physiological function of Bowman s layer is not yet completely understood, since not all animal species exhibit this membrane in the corneal structures, but an important role in the maintenance of the corneal epithelial structure is expected or probable, since a damaged Bowman s membrane usually results in scarring during wound repair [16],... 

Theoret CL. (2004) Update on wound repair. Clin Tech Equine Tract 3 110-122. 

Aquatic frogs and toads probably need less toxin for defense than terrestrial forms. The compounds in the frogs mucus are thought to be neuroleptic, blocking dopamine receptors. They also possibly are antibacterial and aid wound repair, and they are known to elevate the level of prolactin, the amphibian Juvenile hormone (Barthalmus and Zielinski, 1988). 

MIL Messadi, D. V., Le, A., Berg, S., Jewett, A., Wen, Z., Kelly, R, and Bertolami, C. N., Expression of apoptosis-associated genes by htrman dermal scar fibroblasts. Wound Repair Regen. 7,511—517 (1999). 

Benzodiazepines are useful as orally administered premedications. They are also used intravenously in doses that produce conscious sedation rather than hypnosis. Sedated patients tolerate unpleasant procedures (e.g., wound repair, bronchoscopy, angiography) while maintaining cardiorespiratory function and the ability to respond to tactile stimulation or verbal commands. 

Clark RAF, Henson PM (eds) (1988) The molecular and cellular biology of wound repair. Plenum, New York... 

Anthony ET, Syed M, Myers S, Moir G, Navsaria H (2006) The development of novel dermal matrices for cutaneous wound repair. Drug Discov Today Ther Strateg 3(l) 81-86... 

Shevchenko RV, Sibbons PD, Sharpe JR, James SE (2008) Use of a novel porcine collagen paste as a dermal substitute in fuU-thickness wounds. Wound Repair Regen 16(2) 198-207... 

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