Skin disorders allergic

Sensitizer A sensitizer is defined by OSHA as "a chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical." The condition of being sensitized to a chemical is also called chemical hypersensitivity. Certain chemicals have no immediate health effect. But if you are exposed to them several times, they can make you allergic or sensitive to other chemicals. A classic example is formaldehyde (HCHO). Typical reactions to sensitizers can include skin disorders such as eczema. When working with sensitizers, always use proper protective equipment such as gloves, respirators, etc. Once you are sensitized to a particular chemical, even minute amounts will cause symptoms. Sensitization is usually a lifelong effect. 

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is the acquired presence of darker macules and patches of skin occurring at sites of previous cutaneous inflammatory conditions. The processes preceding the altered skin color include mechanical injuries, allergic reactions, primary inflammatory skin disorders, and therapeutic interventions. 

PIH can be observed after endogenous or exogenous inflammatory conditions. Essentially any disease with cutaneous inflammation can potentially result in PIH in individuals capable of producing melanin. Several skin disorders such as acne, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, incontinenti pigmenti, lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, and morphea have PIH as a predominant feature. Exogenous stimuli,both... 

It is a selective and very potent long acting glucocorticoid. It causes suppression of pituitary adrenal axis. Used in shock due to trauma, allergic emergencies, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, nephrotic syndrome and suppression of inflammation in eye and skin disorders. 

Beclomethasone dipropionate is also used as a nasal spray in the prophylaxis and treatment of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, and is used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is generally applied as a cream or ointment. Beclomethasone salicylate has also been used topically. 

QSAR, statistical, and computational methods are used to determine the possibility that a material is a sensitizer and the potential severity of sensitization. In vivo methods are useful to diagnose skin disorders such as drug eruptions, contact dermatitis, immediate contact reactions (contact urticaria), and more. Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) is an inflammatory skin disease, marked by a delayed skin response following skin contact with an allergic chemical. Test groups must be very large to assess this effect. To test for ACD, a test article or sample(s) must be initially exposed to the same skin site/area (induction phase). After a rest period of a week or more (others say over... 

Skin disorder is the disruption of the skin caused by inflammation, abnormal skin growth, allergic reactions, viral, bacteria or fungal infections, or trauma. Lesions (tissue damage) also disrupt the skin. Common lesions are ... 

Diphenhydramine H-i-receptor and muscarinic receptors Allergic respiratory conditions relief of pruritis in allergic skin disorders prevention of motion sickness (dogs)... 

ALLERGIC, IRRITANT, AND INFECTION-RELATED SKIN DISORDERS... 

Frequent skin contact with paints and coating materials can cause skin disorders, particularly on the hands, in painters and coaters. The lipid-solubilizing properties of the organic solvents may cause or at least promote contact eczema. In particular, paints based on reactive resins (e.g., epoxy and polyester resins) may cause allergic skin disorders. Skin-sensitizing substances include residual monomers and reactive diluents (e.g., acrylates and epoxides) and paint additives (e.g., acid anhydrides. 

Epoxy compounds can induce direct or airborne contact dermatitis, but the skin symptoms are located mainly on the patients hands or arms. The fingers and interdigital spaces, forearms and wrists, and the eyelids are the most typical locations of the skin disorders due to epoxy compounds (Jolanki et al. 1990). Reactive diluents and hardeners have been considered the most probable causes of airborne epoxy-resin compound dermatitis because the substances are more volatile than DGEBA epoxy resins (Dahlquist and Fregert 1979). In another study, facial dermatitis was found in 60% of the patients, but it was not especially common among patients allergic to reactive diluents or hardeners (Jolanki et al. 1990). 

Cutaneous diseases are frequently observed in military personnel. Croft et al. (1996), in an epidemiological study of British army troops stationed in western Bosnia, reported a 14% rate of skin disorders. A survey of soldiers in a tropical training environment showed that 50% of the medical complaints were dermatological, and 37.5% of the clinic visits were due to dermatological problems (English and Fano-Schultz 1994)- The most common skin diseases in the latter group were dermatophytoses (22.3%), insect/arthropod bites (16.8%), friction bullae (10.6%), and allergic contact dermatitis (9.6%). 

Skin contact Exposure to formaldehyde solutions can cause irritation of the skin and allergic contact dermatitis. These skin diseases and disorders can occur at levels well below those encountered by many formaldehyde workers. Symptoms include erythema, edema, and vesi-culation or hives. Exposure to liquid formalin or formaldehyde vapor can provoke skin reactions in sensitized individuals even when airborne concentrations of formaldehyde are well below 1 ppm. 

Most skin disorders can be prevented with the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and good personal hygiene (washing hands, etc.). Usually skin disorders are caused by exposure to chemical and result in nothing more than a rash that is cured by proper PPE or removal or substitution (using a safer chemical) of the chemical. Some skin disorders can exacerbate into serious conditions when not tended to. At times, a worker s skin disorder may be an allergic reaction... 

The condition of being sensitized to a chemical is also called chemical hypersensitivity. Certain chemicals have no immediate health effect, but exposure to them several times can make you allergic or sensitive to other chemicals. A classic example is formaldehyde (CH O). Typical reactions to sensitizers can include skin disorders such as eczema. 

This chapter will review our current knowledge about the pathogenesis of allergic skin disorders, in particular atopic dermatitis (AD) and urticaria. Anti-lgE therapy has not been systematically studied in these skin diseases. Therefore we will discuss the role of IgE in their pathogenesis and provide a scientific rationale for use of anti-IgE treatment in these diseases. Recent studies indicate that the IgE molecule has a multifunctional role in these diseases, acting as both a target and a key player in the elicitation of allergen-induced immediate hypersensitivity reactions and cell-mediated responses. 

AD is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder conunonly associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma (1). The diagnosis of AD is based on clinical criteria first described by Hanifin and Rajka (2). The major features include pruritus, typical morphology and distribution of the skin lesions, and a chronic relapsing course. 

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