Silicone cream

Add water phase to oil phase while stirring. Stir to cool to 30°C. May add perfume or color as desired. 

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The system was originally developed to formulate sun oils (solutions of ultraviolet absorbers in emollients) but has been rapidly extended, with the incorporation of basic emulsion technology, to cover oil-in-water lotions. Subsequently, the system has been further expanded to incorporate water-in-oil, oil-in-water, and water-in-silicone creams and lotions. It can now be used to formulate all types of skin care products, not just sun care products. The system won second prize in the UK DTI Manufacturing Intelligence Awards in 1991. It is the only system for which the developers have given details of costings and quantitative benefits. 

The fluids have also found a number of uses in medicine. Barrier creams based on silicone fluids have been found to be particularly useful against the cutting oils in metal machinery processes which are common industrial irritants. The serious and often fatal frothy bloat suffered by ruminants can be countered by the use of small quantities of silicone fluid acting as an antifoam. 

The most widely studied deformable systems are emulsions. These can come in many forms, with oil in water (O/W) and water in oil (W/O) the most commonly encountered. However, there are multiple emulsions where oil or water droplets become trapped inside another drop such that they are W/O/W or O/W/O. Silicone oils can become incompatible at certain molecular weights and with different chemical substitutions and this can lead to oil in oil emulsions O/O. At high concentrations, typical of some pharmaceutical creams, cosmetics and foodstuffs the droplets are in contact and deform. Volume fractions in excess of 0.90 can be achieved. The drops are separated by thin surfactant films. Selfbodied systems are multicomponent systems in which the dispersion is a mixture of droplets and precipitated organic species such as a long chain alcohol. The solids can form part of the stabilising layer - these are called Pickering emulsions. 

Because of their chemical inertness, low surface tension and antisurfactant activity polyorganosiloxane (silicone) oils have found varied applications in medicine. These have included use as an artificial lubricant for arthritic joints191, as a means of soft tissue augmentation, and as an additive in creams and oils for burn treatment. Di-methylpolysiloxane fluids have been injected as replacement for aqueous and vitreous humour in eyes. Reactive organosilicon compounds comprise a new class of potential prophylactic and therapeutic agents192. Protection against atherosclerosis... 

Silicone liquids are used to protect skin. Nutrient facecreams, theatre makeup, lipstick containing these liquids are resistant to the effects of moisture and warmth. Protective creams used to protect hands from salts, acids, alkali and other irritants contain up to 25% of liquid oligoorganosiloxanes. Oligoorganosiloxanes are also used as waterproofing preparations for keeping hair in shape. Liquid oligoorganosiloxanes are used to treat skin (e.g. for professional dermatitis) there are instances of positive effect silicone preparations have on eczema and other conditions. 

Barrier preparations. Many different kinds have been devised for use in medicine, in industry and in the home to reduce dermatitis. They rely on water-repellent substances, e.g. silicones (dimethicone cream), and on soaps, as well as on substances that form an impermeable deposit (titanium, zinc, calamine). The barrier preparations are useful in protecting skin from discharges and secretions (colostomies, napkin rash) but they are ineffective when used under industrial working conditions. Indeed, the irritant properties of some barrier creams can enhance the percutaneous penetration of noxious substances. A simple after-work emollient is more effective. 

Hard paraffin is a mixture of solid hydrocarbons, also known as paraffin wax. It is used to stiffen ointments and creams and to coat capsules and tablets. At one time it was used for cosmetic enhancement, for example of the breasts, before silicone was introduced. It is also used in bismuth iodoform paraffin paste (BIPP) (see the monograph on bismuth). 

Pure silicone oils are used as defoaming agents in the crude oil industry. In the rubber and plastics industry they are widely used as mold release agents. Their physiological inertness enables their use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Their water repelling (hydrophobic) properties result in skin creams with good protective properties. The hydrophobic properties of silicone oils endow car, furniture and protective polishes with protective and non-aggressive properties. 

Barrier creams are used to protect the skin against irritants, urine and toxic substances. They are normally applied as an ointment or cream and often incorporating a silicone (e.g. dimethicone). 

Scarring after anterior chemabrasion, resulting from an irregular abrasion and supposed poor follow-up. Treatment applied used topical and injected corticosteroids, antityrosinase and antioxidant cream, silicone sheet compression. 

Cream cleansers can be even more difficult to rinse away because of the agents used to keep the abrasive suspended, such as clays. One unusual example uses silicone compounds to make the residue less visible and make the surface more glossy and to feel smoother [56],... 

Another example of silicon compound use is in the very specialized area of glass-topped stove cleaner/conditioners [57], These can be thought of as a special kind of cream cleanser with an added benefit. The strength of an abrasive cleaner is needed to remove the baked-on soil encountered on a stove top, and as long as the abrasive is less than Mohs hardness 6 the glass top will not be scratched. 

To test this hypothesis in part, we subjected individual loose threads from the ensign to X-ray microanalysis in a scanning electron microscope. Characteristic X-rays are emitted from the constituent atoms of a specimen as a result of electron-beam induced core electron ionisation processes. The X-ray spectrum resulting from the cream-white silk threads indicated quite heavy tin weighting (Figure 16) the coincidental presence of silicon and phosphorus suggests... 

In the chemical industry (on the mega- as well as the micro-scale) fine emulsions have many useful applications in, e.g., extraction processes or phase transfer catalysis. Additionally, they are of interest for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry for the preparation of creams and ointments. Micromixers based on the principle of multilamination have been found to be particularly suitable for the generation of emulsions with narrow size distributions [33]. Haverkamp et al. showed the use of micromixers for the production of fine emulsions with well-defined droplet diameters for dermal applications [38]. Bayer et al. [39] reported on a study of silicon oil and water emulsion in micromixers and compared the results with those obtained in a stirred tank. They found similar droplet size distributions for both systems. However, the specific energy required to achieve a certain Sauter mean diameter was 3-1 Ox larger for the macrotool at diameters exceeding 100 pm. In addition, the micromixer was able to produce distributions with a mean as low as 3 pm, whereas the turbine stirrer ended up with around 30 pm. Based on energy considerations, the intensification factor for the microstirrer appears to be 3-10. 

We would like to note here that the silicone oils used have a lower density than the liquid crystal. As a result, the oil particles tend to cream and lie closer to the... 

Volatile Silicone. [Union Cttbkie] Cy-chmiediiooiM emollient lubricam for ddn creams and lotions, antiperspirants. 

For casting molds, polishing materials, gem stones, catalyst in alkyl and alkenyl hydrocarbon manuf, in fritted glass filters, as stabilizer in silicone rubbers. In Europe in cosmetic creams and powders. 

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