Capsule coating

The concealment of the bitter, salty, or offensive taste or odor of a drug substance (such as capsules, coated tablets, flavored syrups)... 

Drugs can be administered locally and selectively to the colon if they are enclosed in a dosage form, such as a capsule, coated with an azo-aromatic cross-linked polymer... 

Capsules, coated pellets 75 and 100 mg (as Doryx (Warner Chilcott) hyclate) (Rx)... 

And who could forget those tiny time-capsules - coated and timed-released methods already in use. 

FIGURE 2.5 Hypoglycemic effect of insulin administered orally to normal rats by means of coated soft capsules containing an absorption-enhancing formulation (8 IU porcine insulin, 4 mg sodium laurate (Ci2) and 16 mg cetyl alcohol) two capsules RSI (open stars) 2 capsules RS2 (open circles) 2 capsules RS2 + 1 capsule surfactant post-insulin administration (open square) insulin i.p. 4 IU (close circles) 2 placebo capsules (no insulin) (close stars). Each point is the mean SD of five animals for insulin administration and of four animals for controls. RSI and RS2 are capsules coated with various mixtures of Eudragits RS, S, and L. (From Touitou, E. and Rubinstein, A., Int. J. Pharm., 30, 95, 1986. With permission from Elsevier.)... 

In one design, the active agent is enclosed in a capsule consisting of a cap, and the body is placed inside the compartment of the main body. Within the inner capsule, distant from the orifice, an osmotic composition resides that acts as a push layer. Alternatively, the drug can be enclosed in a one-piece capsule coated with a semipermeable membrane or placed in a thermoplastic polymer compartment19 (Fig. 7.4). In this type of system, the drug and osmotic layers are not separated. 

Okahata Y, Lim HJ, Nakamura G, and Hachiya S. A large nylon capsule coated with a synthetic bilayer membrane. Permeability control of NaCl by phase transition of the dialkylammonium bilayer coating. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983 105 4855. 

Kalala, W. Kinget, R. Van den Mooter, G. Samyn, C. Colonic-drug targeting in vitro release of ibuprofen from capsules coated with poly (ether-ester) azopolymers. Int. J. Pharm. 1996, 139, 187-195. 

Murthy, K.S. Enders, N.A. Mahjour, M. Fawzi, M.B. A comparative evaluation of aqueous enteric polymers in capsule coatings. Pharm. Tech. 1986, 10 (Oct), 36 6. Thoma, K. Oschmann, R. Investigations of the permeability of enteric coatings, part 5 pharmaceutical-technological and analytical studies of enteric-coated preparations. Pharmazie 1991, 46, 278-282. 

Murthy KS, Enders NA, Mahjour M, Fawzi MB. A comparative evaluation of aqueous enteric polymers in capsule coatings. Pharm Technol 1986 10(10) 36, 38, 40, 42, 44. 

Microcrystalline wax is also used in oral controlled-release matrix pellet formulations for various active compounds and as a tablet- and capsule-coating agent. In controlled-release systems, microcrystalline wax coatings can also be used to affect the release of drug from ion-exchange resin beads. Microcrystalline wax is also used in confectionery, cosmetics, and food products. 

The nature of tablet or capsule coating -evidence that coating may interfere with the disintegration or dissolution of the formulation... 

In many pharmaceuhcal and biomedical applicahons, such as the noninvasive probing of colored capsules, coated tablets and subsurface hssue spectroscopy, it is also beneficial that the transmission Raman method very elfechvely diminishes the Raman and fluorescence signals originating from the surface layers of the probed sample compared to conventional backscattering Raman geometry [37]. 

J. W. McGinity, Physical and enteric properties of soft gelatin capsules coated with Eudragit L30 D-55, Int J Pharm 773 17-24 (1995). 

Figure 6.21 Schematic description of the steps used for fabricating hollow capsules (coated inside with potassium persulfate initiator) and grafting-from polymerization of styrene sulfonate (SS) inside the capsules. (After Choi et al., 2005.)...

Chitosan capsules coated with HPMCP were also tested for insulin oral delivery (82). Using male Wistar rats, insulin-containing capsules were administered orally to the rats, each of which received, through polyethylene tubing, a total dose of 20 lU into their stomachs. The h5 oglycemic effect did not start until 6h after the administration. This was when the capsules had reached the colon. The bioavailability of the insulin from the CS formulation was 5.73% as compared to the intravenous injection. It was observed that certain absorption enhancers like sodium glycocholate increased the absorption of insulin in the large intestine (66). 

Fig. 12 Highly sensitive immunoassay through sandwich assay using LbL capsule coated with IgG...

---