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SHE performance indicators

It is a commonly accepted assumption in SHE management that accident frequency, i.e. the number of accidents occurring at a company in the course of, for example, a year is a measure of the SHE performance of the company. In this Chapter, we will focus how we can nse basic statistical theory in evaluating data on the occurrence of accidents. We will apply this theory in Part IV on SHE performance indicators. [Pg.111]

Input to the establishment of goals or norms, based on so-called SHE performance indicators. [Pg.115]

In the feedback control of accidents, we use different types of standards. In workplace inspections, for example, we are concerned with deviations from technical requirements defined in safety regulations, etc. Another example is feedback control of SHE performance, as measured by one or more SHE performance indicators. We will present such indicators in Part IV. [Pg.123]

We will start by focusing on one important aspect of SHE information systems. Which criteria will make us able to distinguish good from poor SHE performance indicators or measures for use in feedback control We will then shift the focus to the SHE information system in general. Here we define criteria for the evaluation of data collection, analysis and presentation of information and for an evaluation of the SHE information system as a whole. [Pg.134]

In Part IV, we will review different types of SHE performance indicators for use in feedback control. Table 11.1 shows the basic requirements that such indicators must satisfy (Tarrants, 1980). [Pg.135]

The first four criteria are derived from feedback-control theory. A SHE performance indicator must be observable and quantifiable, i.e. it must be possible to observe and measure performance by applying a recognised data-collection method and scale of measurement. The nominal scale is the simplest type. This means that we must be able to tell whether the result represents a deviation from a norm or not. Usually, the SHE performance indicators are expressed on a ration scale of measurement. A typical example is the LTI-rate, i.e. the number of lost-time injuries per one million hours of work. [Pg.135]

The SHE performance indicator must also be a valid indicator of the risk of loss. We are especially concerned with so-called criterion-related validity. We have to ask whether the SHE performance indicator actually measures what we intend to measure, in our case the risk of losses due to accidents. Since accidents are rare events, we also look for other types of SHE performance indicators such as the frequency of unsafe acts and conditions. In risk analyses, we predict the frequency and consequences of accidents. Accident statistics are then used to validate the methods (Suokas, 1985). [Pg.136]

We now move to criteria derived from theories on human information processing and organisational learning. The SHE performance indicator must be transparent and easily understood in that its meaning is apparent and compatible with the users s theoretical understanding and unconscious mental models. [Pg.136]

It is stated that the SHE performance indicator must show continuous improvements from one period to the next. [Pg.225]

SHE performance indicators play an important motivational role, especially at the higher management levels. They make SHE visible in a summary way that is suited for communication, comparison and competition. [Pg.225]

We will review different measures or indicators of SHE performance and their merits and shortcomings when applied in SHE management. Part IV starts in Chapter 16 with an overview of SHE performance indicators. The following chapter presents different indicators using data about accidents and losses as the main input. Chapter 18 presents various indirect indicators based on data about the process that may result in loss. In Chapter 19, finally, we will look into SHE performance indicators, where the focus is on the nnderlying contributing factors and basic causes. [Pg.225]

Figure 16.1 presents an overview of different SHE performance indicators. This overview is based on the framework for accident analysis in Chapter 6. Loss-based SHE performance indicators will be our starting point. Among these we find the most commonly used indicator, the lost-time injury frequency rate. We proceed by reviewing process-based indicators, similar to those developed in the fertiliser-plant case in Chapter 4. Finally, we will look into indicators relating to causal factors, i.e. indicators based on information about the organisation and SHE management system. [Pg.227]

In time-series analysis, we are interested in the development of the SHE performance indicators over time. This is done in so-called control charts, where the SHE performance indicator is calculated for consecutive periods and displayed in a diagram. These charts allow us to study changes in performance from one period to the next and trends over several periods. [Pg.228]

Let us evaluate the LTI-rate in relation to the criteria that SHE performance indicators have to satisfy, see Table 11.1. Such an evalnation reveals a number of problems with the LTI-rate that are well known and have been discussed in the literature (see e.g. Rockwell, 1959). [Pg.233]

Next, we ask whether the LTI-rate is a valid indicator of the risk of losses dne to accidents. This criterion is more problematic, since the LTI-rate is insensitive to the severity of the injuries. An eye injury resulting in a few days of absence and a severe fall injury with many months of sick leave connt equally when calculating the LTI-rate. It is questionable whether the LTI-rate is a valid indicator of the risk of losses due to accidents. Other SHE performance indicators that we will look into in the next Section are better suited as to validity, since they account for the degree of harm (e.g. number of days of absence). [Pg.233]

Other loss-based SHE performance indicators 17.2.1 Measures of risk... [Pg.237]

The shortcomings of the LTI-rate have generated work to develop alternative SHE performance indicators. There is also a need for SHE performance indicators in areas other than occupational accidents. The LTI-rate belongs to the important category of loss-based SHE performance indicators. They all represent measures of the risk of accidents. This risk is related to an identified activity. We use SHE performance indicators to calculate the historical risk associated with activities that have taken place in the past. In Part V we will present methods to estimate the expected risk associated with future activities by applications of risk analysis. [Pg.237]

Table 17.1 gives an overview of standard loss-based SHE performance indicators. In calcnlating the frequency of accidents, the size of the activity for which performance is assessed has to be considered. We must expect more accidents to occur in a large company than in a small one, even if the activities are similar. It is necessary to standardise the indicators in relation to the exposure to the risk of accidents. For occupational accidents, the most common exposure measure is the number of employee-hours. In traffic safety, for example, we use the number of vehicle kilometres or passenger kilometres as measures of exposure. By combining the frequency measures with the consequence measures, a measure of the risk is arrived at. [Pg.238]

The S-rate (severity rate) is less sensitive to reporting inaccuracies than the LTI-rate. One single accident resulting in a long period of sick leave may, however, dominate the statistics. It follows that the S-rate may vary considerable from period to period, especially in small companies. Another problem with the S-rate has to do with the fact that the sick leave for an injury may extend into the following periods. The true S-rate is thus not available until all injuries from a period have been closed. Due to the low frequency of fatalities, FAR (fatal accident rate) is rarely useful as a SHE performance indicator other than for very large companies in hazardous branches of industry. [Pg.238]

Above we discussed some problems with the traditional loss-based SHE performance indicators. A number of alternatives have been developed to compensate for some of these problems, Table 17.2. [Pg.239]

In the example in Chapter 4 we saw the advantages of feedback control through measurement of the process rather then the losses. This distinction between process and loss measurement relates to the basic accident framework of Chapter 6. We will here further explore the potential of the process-based SHE performance indicators. Table 18.1. An underlying assumption in using process-based SHE performance indicators is that these are valid indicators of the risk of accidents. We will discuss this issue further in connection with the individual measures. [Pg.242]

SHE performance indicators based on near-accident reporting... [Pg.242]

The high-potential incident rate may be used directly as a SHE performance indicator. The control chart approach is here applicable, where the number of incidents per period is plotted for consecutive periods. The control limits are determined as + -ly. (mean number of incidents per period). [Pg.242]

Table 18.1 Example of process-related SHE performance indicators... Table 18.1 Example of process-related SHE performance indicators...
We now move further to the left in the accident-analysis framework (Figure 16.1). We will look into SHE performance indicators based on information about contributing factors and root causes. The organisation and SHE management system are in focus. These indicators have many similarities to the audit methods described in Section 14.2. [Pg.248]

Exercise Evaluate ISRS in accordance with the requirements to SHE performance indicators in Chapter 11. Discuss the effects of introducing ISRS on management behaviour. [Pg.249]

We have seen that there are many different SHE performance indicators to choose between. Each of them has its advantages and weaknesses. It is recommended to use a combination of such indicators. [Pg.258]

Propose other SHE performance indicators for use in addition to the LTI-rate. State the reasons for your recommendations. [Pg.259]

Example A refinery has many years of experience in using the LTI-rate as its sole SHE performance indicator. The results now show a yearly LTI-rate fluctuation of between 0 and 2, dependent on whether there is a lost-time accident or not. The LTI-rate is determined to be inadequate in this situation, and management decides to introduce new SHE performance indicators along two new paths ... [Pg.259]

Risk-acceptance criteria are used as a reference in evaluating the results of the risk analysis and in determining the needs of remedial actions. They therefore have to be available prior to the start of the analysis. There are many different types of risk acceptance criteria, see NORSOK standard Z-013 for an overview (Norsk Standard, 1996/97/98/99). Here we will use acceptance criteria related to the risk of fatality or injury to personnel. They must meet the same standards as those of the SHE performance indicators discussed in Section 11.1. In other words, they must be ... [Pg.267]


See other pages where SHE performance indicators is mentioned: [Pg.135]    [Pg.135]    [Pg.227]    [Pg.228]    [Pg.238]    [Pg.238]    [Pg.239]    [Pg.239]    [Pg.242]    [Pg.242]    [Pg.248]    [Pg.249]    [Pg.258]    [Pg.258]    [Pg.259]    [Pg.261]   


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Combinations of SHE performance indicators

Loss-based SHE performance indicators

Overview of SHE performance indicators

Requirements for SHE performance indicators

SHE

SHE performance indicators based on near-accident reporting

SHEs

Standard loss-based SHE performance indicators

Untraditional SHE performance indicators

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