Scientific performance

The study of this blind chance in theory and practice is one of the greatest scientific performances of the nineteenth century. 

At this point, it seems to me important to note that the greatest uncertainties are not derived from the scientific performance assessment of the confinement barrier systems but clearly from the possibilities of disruption by human intrusion. Even deliberate human intrusion for the sake of recovering resources, such as plutonium left in spent fuel, cannot be excluded as technically impossible. If at the time when repositories for spent fuel will have to be closed and sealed, i. e. in 100 to 150 years from now, if then the non-proliferation regime will still have the same political importance as today, then technical means will have to be implemented to allow Nations to receive international confirmation of the continued presence of any fissile material which is left over in the repositoiy, or - as the case may be - that such material is retrieved for peaceful purposes only. 

SCISEARCH contains bibliographic citations (links) to publications in science and technology. The database represents the electronic online version of the expanded Science Citation Index (SCI) and parts from the Current Contents of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). More than 5900 science and technical journals are included in the database with more than 20 million records (October, 2002). Searches can be performed on the bibliographic data, along with where, and how often, an author or publication is dted. 

In order to achieve the goals of making more efficient use of the information that is produced and of planning and performing better experiments, chemoinformatics will have to be more integrated into the daily work processes of the chemist, and into the work of the bench chemist. Certainly, many chemists still have to overcome high barriers to using the computer for assistance in the solution of their daily scientific problems. 

The HyperChem philosophy associated with back end computations is one which is in tended to in still eon fiden ce. as far as is possible. in the scientific results emanating from HyperChem. This ph ilosoph y is on e of open n ess — open n ess aboii t the prod net. the calculations being performed, the science embodied in the product, etc. Apart from protecting the proprietary code associated with a commercial product. Hypercube wushes to document and describe as fully as is possible tb e calculation s th at HypcrCb cm performs. There should be no mystery about the scientific results obtained with HyperChem. 

One of the most commonly used constructs is a model. A model is a simple way of describing and predicting scientific results, which is known to be an incorrect or incomplete description. Models might be simple mathematical descriptions or completely nonmathematical. Models are very useful because they allow us to predict and understand phenomena without the work of performing the complex mathematical manipulations dictated by a rigorous theory. Experienced researchers continue to use models that were taught to them in high school and freshmen chemistry courses. However, they also realize that there will always be exceptions to the rules of these models. 

Some scientific studies indicate that the gam in performance obtained through the use of anabolic steroids is small This may be a case though in which the anecdotal evidence of the athletes may be closer to the mark than the scientific studies The scientific studies are done under ethical conditions in which patients are treated with prescription level doses of steroids A 240 pound offensive tackle ( too small by todays standards) may take several ana bolic steroids at a time at 10-20 times their pre scribed doses in order to weigh the 280 pounds he (or his coach) feels is necessary The price athletes pay for gams in size and strength can be enormous This price includes emotional costs (friendships lost because of heightened aggressiveness) sterility testicular atro phy (the testes cease to function once the body starts to obtain a sufficient supply of testosterone like steroids from outside) and increased risk of prema ture death from liver cancer or heart disease... 

The back end is the component of HyperChem that performs the more time-consuming scientific calculations. This is where molecular mechanical and quantum mechanical calculations are performed. The back end can be thought of as the computational chemistry component of HyperChem. 

The U.S. Eood and Dmg Administration (EDA) adopted a legally binding standard, which took the form of a performance standard for laser products (56,57). The standard provides a classification scheme for lasers similar to the ANSI classification. AH lasers sold after August 2, 1976 must comply with its provisions. The standard requires incorporation of safety-related labeling and protective equipment according to the class of the laser. The primary impact of the EDA standard is on laser manufacturers and scientific supply firms. 

CCD. Although front-side iEuminated devices are available, the MPP CCD is typically back-side ikuminated in order to achieve state-of-the-art photon collection performance. Even with this stipulation the MPP CCD is still a popular detector due to its availabiUty in various array sizes and formats specifically designed for scientific appHcations. 

A common acronym is MFLOPS, millions of floating-point operations per second. Because most scientific computations are limited by the speed at which floating point operations can be performed, this is a common measure of peak computing speed. Supercomputers of 1991 offered peak speeds of 1000 MFLOPS (1 GFLOP) and higher. 

Our discussion to this point has been confined to those areas in which the governing laws are well known. However, in many areas, information on the governing laws is lacking. Interest in the application of statistical methods to all types of problems has grown rapidly since World War II. Broadly speaking, statistical methods may be of use whenever conclusions are to be drawn or decisions made on the basis of experimental evidence. Since statistics could be defined as the technology of the scientific method, it is primarily concerned with the first two aspec ts of the method, namely, the performance of experiments and the drawing of conclusions from experiments. Traditionally the field is divided into two areas ... 

The scientific work of Anatoly K. Babko was conducted mainly at the Kyiv. State University where he chaired the Department of Analytical Chemistry as from 1944 to 1960, after when during 1960 to 1968 he retained the title of Professor. His scientific duties were performed primarily at the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, where he headed the Department of Analytical Chemistry from 1941 to 1968. 

This work was performed with financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 04-03-96095), grant Leading scientific schools HILL-1997.2003.3, Ural scientific-education center Perspective materials , supporting by Ministry of education and Civilian Research Development Foundation (grant EK-005-XI), BRHE 2004 (grant Y2-C-05-08). 

This work was performed with financial support of the grant Leading scientific schools" HIU-1997.2003.3. 

Investigations in the field of shoek eompression of solid materials were originally performed for military purposes. Speeimens sueh as armor were subjected to either projectile impact or explosive detonation, and the severity and character of the resulting damage constituted the experimental data (see, e.g., Helie, 1840). Investigations of this type continue today, and although they certainly have their place, they are now considered more as engineering experiments than scientific research, inasmuch as they do little to illuminate the basic physics and material properties which determine the results of shock-compression events. 

To remove a pollutant from the carrying stream, some property of the pollutant that is different from the carrier must be exploited. The pollutant may have different size, inertia, electrical, or absorption properties. Removal requires that the equipment be designed to apply the scientific principles necessary to perform the separation. 

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