Technical Journals

The primary literature includes peer-reviewed journals, technical reports, patents, edited and scholarly books, and other publications that present original ideas and research. 

Nor, M.J.M. Jamaluddin, M Tamiri, F.M. (2004). A Preliminary Study of Soimd Absorption Using Multi-layer Coconut Coir Fibers. Electronic Journal "Technical Acoustics", Vol.3, (March 2004), p>p. 1-8, ISSN 1819-2408, Retrieved from http //ejta.org/ en/ tamiril... 

Mildren, K. W. 1976. Use of Engineering Literature. London Butterworths. One of the classic guides to the engineering literature, the book discusses the important information formats for engineering (journals, technical reports, standards, etc.) and abstracts and indexes. Individual chapters are devoted to specific disciplines. The Aeronautics and Astronautics chapter provides excellent background information on many of the subdisciplines, such as propulsion and gas dynamics, and provides a lengthy discussion of classic texts in all of these areas. 

Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS). 1907- Columbus, OH Chemical Abstracts Service. CAS databases provide international coverage of the journals, technical reports, conference proceedings, and dissertations relevant to all aspects of chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, and biomolecular engineering. SciFinder is the software search interface to CAS databases. 

Research the type of additives and normal concentrations. Learn about their properties. Do they have a unique element or chemical tag that can be used for quantitative measurements Is an analysis method available from the supplier or in the literature Many sources are available scientific journals, trade journals, technical application sheets from instrument manufacturers and standards compendia. Any method selected must be validated in your own laboratory. Learn as much as possible about the polymer matrix. Thermoplastics can be hot pressed into thin films. Many polymers are solvent resistant, so extraction techniques can be used to isolate the additives. 

The Chemical Abstracts Service offers the direct connection from the CA abstract (where only the abbreviated journal title is mentioned) to the expanded title and the source of supply. The CAS Source Index provides this link. CASSI not only includes every type of publication, such as journals, technical reports, monographs, conference reports and patent groups, which have been cited in Chemical Abstracts from 1907 to the present time, but also all source material cited in Beilstein Handbuch der Organischen Chemie up to and including 1963 and in Chemisches Zentralblatt from 1830 to 1940. Libraries in 29 countries, which hold the cited journal or book, are named beside the publication source entry. The inventory of 361 libraries is listed, 290 cited in the USA, 71 in other countries. 

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC) is recognized as the world authority on chemical nomenclature, terminology, standardized methods for measurement, atomic mass, and more. Along with many other activities, lUPAC publishes journals, technical reports, and chemical databases, most of which are available at www. iupac.org. 

Bergen, R. L. Stress Cracking of Rigid Thermoplastics, SPE Journal Technical Section. June 1962. 

Harmonised standards are technical specifications adopted by one of the European standards organisations following a mandate issued by the European Commission on which Member States were consulted. When published by the Commission in the Official Journal of the European Communities, the hamionised standards give presumption of confomiity to the essential requirements they specify. This means that manufacturers applying these standards do not have to demonstrate the compliance of the manufactured products with the relevant requirements of the directive. 

As referred to above, most of the modules involve the intervention of a third party, the so-called notified bodies. These bodies are designated by Member States as being competent to carry out the certification tasks for which they are notified. As a precondition for their notification they must fulfil the minimum criteria which are set out in the relevant directives. These conditions vary from independence, impartiality and professional integrity, to technical competence, possession of or access to necessary facilities and to liability insurance. Once notified, the Commission publishes a list of all notified bodies in the Official Journal, It is worth noting that there is free competition between notified bodies and that manufacturers can make their own choice from all notified bodies notified within the European Union. 

The first scientific-technical publications on NDT issues appeared in Ukraine already at the end of the 40-ties in Automatic iTh/iii g journal, in the subject collections on technical diagnostics and non-destructive testing. 

In 1986, the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine started publishing on a regular basis, the Technical Diagnostics and Prediction of Welded Metal Structures Fracture collection, which in 1989 was reorganised into the Technical Diagnostics and Non-Destructive Testing Journal. This journal is now issued 4 times a year and re-edited in Great Britain. 

SCISEARCH contains bibliographic citations (links) to publications in science and technology. The database represents the electronic online version of the expanded Science Citation Index (SCI) and parts from the Current Contents of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). More than 5900 science and technical journals are included in the database with more than 20 million records (October, 2002). Searches can be performed on the bibliographic data, along with where, and how often, an author or publication is dted. 

Furfural has been used as a component in many resin appHcations, most of them thermosetting. A comprehensive review of the patent Hterature describing these uses is beyond the scope of this review. A few, selected recent patents and journal articles have been referenced. Resins prepared from the condensation products of furfural with urea (47), formaldehyde (48), phenols (49,50), etc, modified by appropriate binders and fillers are described in the technical Hterature for earlier appHcations, see reference 1, which contains many references in an appendix. 

Location of and access to chemical and technical information other than journal articles is avadable through computerized information networks. Electronic bulletin board systems (BBS) provide a telecommunications tool to anyone who has a computer and a modem. Questions can be posted and read by thousands of bulletin board users worldwide, and files and software are easdy transferred from virtually anywhere to one s computer. 

Apart from the technical classification information, E, the front page of the patent also contains a listing of pubHcations or references cited during examination, G, including "United States Patent Documents," "Eoreign Patent Documents," and "Other PubHcations" such as trade Hterature, journal articles, and product descriptions. 

The bulk of the patent specification is the disclosure, the text and illustrations that describe the claimed invention in detail and explain how the claimed invention differs from the prior art. Modem patent disclosures contain a summary of the claimed invention, a description of the background of the invention, a general description of the way in which the invention is made and used, specific examples, and, where appHcable, drawings of the invention in general or specific embodiments. The technical information provided in a patent specification may be used without infringing the patent only practicing the invention defined in the claims within the term and territory of the patent grant is forbidden. Because much of the information in patent specifications is never pubHshed in refereed journals or other nonpatent media, patent disclosures are an invaluable part of the technical Hterature. 

Patent documents differ from journal Hterature in several ways. First of all, they are legal documents whose disclosures support one or more claims that define an area of property rights. The language in patent documents can therefore be quite convoluted "patentese" as the appHcant strives to achieve the broadest possible scope of coverage. Examples provided in patents may never have happened. Based on the appHcant s understanding of the technical... 

Perhaps the most notable aspect of the history of the API operation is that it has been shaped at every step by those who use the system. Created by information speciaHsts within the petroleum iadustry, it has beea governed by a technical information committee made up of company representatives, and guided by a series of iadustry task forces, which have modified as aeeded the indexing thesaums, subject selectioa guideliaes, and selection rules for countries ia pateat coverage, journals, and other sources ia the aoapateatHterature. 

EinaHy, there is great value in providing access to contemporary and archived technical journals and trade magazines to technical service professionals. This can be achieved in a number of ways, whether by generation of an in-house Hbrary, use of nearby university or governmental faciHties, support of individual subscriptions, or some combination of the above. Internet access to on-line journals is also valuable. 

---