Mechanical reliability

Carter, A. D. S. 1986 Mechanical Reliability, 2nd Edition. London Macmillan. 

Cruse, T. A. 1997b Mechanical Reliability Design Variables and Models. In Cruse, T. A. (ed.), Reliability-Based Mechanical Design. NY Marcel Dekker. 

Dhillon, B. S. 1980 Mechanical Reliability Interference Theory Models. In Proceedings Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 462-467. 

Vinogradov, O. 1991 Introduction to Mechanical Reliability a designer s approach. NY Hemisphere. 

These seals are used extensively in high-speed turbomachinery and have good mechanical reliability. They are not positive sealing. There are two types of noncontacting seals (or clearance seals) labyrinth seals and ring seals. 

The chemical process industries (CPI), petroleum and allied industries apply physical as well as chemical methods to the conversion of raw feedstock materials into salable products. Because of the diversity of products, process conditions and requirements, equipment design is often unique, or case specific. The prime requirement of any piece of equipment is that it performs the function for which it was designed under the intended process operating conditions, and do so in a continuous and reliable manner. Equipment must have mechanical reliability, which is characterized by strength, rigidness, steadiness, durability and tightness. Any one or combination of these characteristics may be needed for a particular piece of equipment. 

Aluminum does not have the mechanical reliability of stainless steel. ... 

Since the start-up of the first commercial FCC unit in 1942, many improvements have been made. These improvements have enhanced the unit s mechanical reliability and its ability to crack heavier, lower-value feedstocks. The FCC has a remarkable history of adapting to continual changes in market demands. Table 1-1 shows major developments in the history of the process. 

Improving mechanical reliability of the FCC reactor-regenerator components. 

There are advantages to the electrolytic recovery process. For instance, ER units can operate continuously, and the product is in a metallic form that is very suitable for reuse or resale. Electrolytic units are also mechanically reliable and self-operating. Very importantly, contaminants are not recovered and returned to the plating bath. Thus, electrolytically recovered metals are as pure as virgin plating raw material. 

Process Reliability Simulation VIP The process reliability simulation VIP is the use of reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) computer simulation modeling of the process and the mechanical reliability of the facility. A principal goal is to optimize the engineering design in terms of life cycle cost, thereby maximizing the project s potential profitability. The objective is to determine the optimum relationships between maximum production rates and design and operational factors. Process reliability simulation is also applied for safety purposes, since it considers the consequences of specific equipment failures and failure modes. 

Aluminum does not have the mechanical reliability of stainless steel, especially at higher temperatures. However, it is not nearly as susceptible to weed decay or localized attack around the welds. 

There are only two real problems with reciprocating compressors pulsation and mechanical reliability. But these problems are so intractable that, for most industrial applications, centrifugal compressors are pre-... 

The other problem with valve disablers is poor mechanical reliability. They get stuck inside the valve cap, especially in dirty-gas service. Once stuck, the valve—and really the entire end of the cylinder—is out of service, until the next overhaul of the reciprocating compressor. 

By the summer of 1959, it was believed that the problems of mechanical reliability had been solved so the following experiments were planned in the hope of demonstrating that the experimental results would now be reproducible. 

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are composed of ceramic components and the mechanical reliability of these components is a significant issue in the development of SOFCs. In particular, the durability of the components against stresses during operation is a serious problem. To evaluate the mechanical reliability of SOFCs, the magnitude of the stresses in cell components and the strength of the components against the stresses must be considered precisely. Stresses in SOFCs are categorized into fom types. 

These stresses affect the mechanical reliability of SOFCs and sometimes result in the destruction of cells or stacks. Therefore, reducing stresses and improving the durability of the stack components against these stresses are significant objectives in the development of SOFCs. 

To solve the problem in the electrolyte-supporting cell, anode-supported cells have been developed. Since a thin electrolyte is fabricated on a thick anode, the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte can be reduced. The low resistance of the electrolyte implies that the anode-supported cell can be operated at a low temperature below 800°C. As a result, commercial alloys can be used as the interconnectors and auxiliaries. Using the alloys improves the mechanical reliability of the cell stack. For several years, Versa Power Systems have developed several kW systems with anode-supported cells and have demonstrated the performance of such systems [5],... 

The effect of the thickness of the electrolyte and anode on the residual stresses is also studied. The residual stresses in the electrolyte are calculated for different combinations of the thickness of the anode and electrolyte, and the results are displayed in Figure 10.22. The combination of the thin anode and thick electrolyte merely decreases the residual stress in the electrolyte. This is desirable from the point of view of the mechanical reliability of cells. On the other hand, for a practical cell,... 

Ogiwara, T., Yakabe, H., Hishinuma, M. and Yasuda, I., Assessment of mechanical reliability of planar SOFCs, in Proceedings of European Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Forum TV, 2000, p. 193. 

There are two main sets of materials properties involved in any problem of mechanical reliability. 

These two successful commercial applications of rotating packed beds prove that scale-up from pilot-scale equipment can achieve the desired process performance in commercial-scale operations. In addition, the mechanical reliability of the rotating equipment is in line with the experience with other rotating... 

R 18] Instead of developing a new electronic interface, the micro electro mechanical concept of the Match-X initiative, represented in the consortium by the Fraunhofer Institute, mechanical reliability and automation were integrated. The Match-X inter-... 

Our goal is to develop membranes with higher hydrogen permeability than the conventional Pd/Ag alloys and with mechanical reliability under practical operating conditions. 

Mechanical Reliability Improvement Probability and Statistics for Experimental Testing, R. E. Little... 

There are many types of solvent delivery systems to choose from and the choice of the solvent delivery system should be based upon the requirements of the application (see Fig. 1-6) and budgetary constraints. Some solvent delivery systems can even compensate for the fact that at high pressures many solvents are compressible and as such could have a volumetric change of as much as 6%. However, this feature might not be important for an individual application. Solvent delivery systems should be mechanically reliable, and should be made of materials that are not damaged by the mobile... 

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