Safe Practices

Sodamide should never be stored in a stoppered bottle from which samples are to be removed intermittently, since dangerous mixtures may result when the substance is exposed for 2-3 days to even limited amounts of air at the ordinary temperature. As a safe practice, sodamide should be used immediately after preparation, and should not be kept longer than 12-24 hours unless it be under an inert solvent. Even small amounts of unused sodamide should be removed from the apparatus in which it was made by washing with methyl or ethyl alcohol. In all cases where a yellowish or brownish colour develops, due to the formation of oxidation... 

Safe practices employed for handling PTEE and EEP resins are adequate for Teflon PEA (37) adequate ventilation is required for processing above 330—355°C. In rotoprocessing, a vacuum (250—750 Pa or 1.8—5.6 mm Hg) in the oven ensures exhaust to the outside (36). Removal of end caps or opening of sealed parts in a weU-ventilated area ensures ventilation of decomposition fumes. During rotoprocessing, molds should be vented. 

Petroleum Products American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20005 Fosters development of standards, codes, and safe practices in petroleum industries and pubhshes the same in its journals and reference pubHcations. 

W. W. AUison, Zirconium, Zircaloy, and Hafnium Safe Practice Guide for Shipping Storing Handling Processing and Scrap Disposal, WAPD-TM-17, Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1960. 

Since derivations and literature references are typically not given in detail (often not at all) it is difficult for users to recognize errors or assess the validity of some statements when applied to a particular situation. It would be helpful for the user to appreciate limitations of applicability and to consider risk tolerance when adopting a specific practice based on minimum safe practices given in codes. 

The vent line must comply with safe practices to prevent flashback and snuffing requirements. 

Table 1 provides a summary of the safe practices applied to the disposal of liquid hydrocarbon contents from various sources. 

CGA (Compressed Gas Association, Inc.). 1970 (Reaffirmed 1984). Acetylene Transmission for Chemical Synthesis (Recommended Minimum Safe Practices for Piping. Systems). Publication G-1.3. Compressed Gas Association, Inc., Arlington, VA. 

Example 3.6. Conflicts between Production Pressures and Safe Practices... 

Model Code Safe Practice Part 9, Large bulk pressure storage and refrigerated LPG... 

Most state laws and safe practice require a safety relief valve ahead of the first stop valve in every positive displacement compressed air system. It is set to release at 1.25 times the normal discharge pressure of the compressor or at the maximum working pressure of the system, whichever is lower. The relief valve piping system sometimes includes a manual vent valve and/or a bypass valve to the suction to facilitate startup and shutdown operations. Quick line sizing equations are (1) line connection, (i/1.75 (2) bypass, ii/4.5 (3) vent, dl63 and (4) relief valve port, cU9. 

Employers must ensure that their workers know the potential hazards of the chemicals they work with, how to protect themselves against those hazards (e.g., safe practices, personal protection equipment, etc.), and what to do in case of an emergency. Accordingly, OSHA has established basic communication requirements under the Hazard Communication Standard to inform workers about chemicals in use in the workplace. Under this standard, chemical makers must meet the following requirements ... 

For further guidance it is recommended that some study should be made of books devoted to hazards and safe practices in chemical laboratories. Some institutions and organisations issue booklets dealing with these matters and further information will be found in citations 12-17 of the Bibliography, Section 3.39. 

Guide to Safe Practices in Chemical Laboratories, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1986... 

Maintenance embraces regular inspection, periodic examination by competent persons , and repairs. All maintenance on equipment used with chemicals should be properly planned and recorded. Maintenance operations, particularly those which are non-routine, require a sound system of work with strict administrative procedures, e.g. permit-to-work, to avoid risks arising from modifications to established safe practices. A permit-to-work should be used wherever the method by which a job is done is likely to be critical to the safety of the workers involved, nearby workers, or the public it is required whenever the safeguards provided in normal operations are no longer available. Examples include ... 

Reasonable time No need for unique instrumentation Capable of being performed safely Practicable without use of extremely hazardous toxic reagents Complete the analysis of a sufficiently large number of samples in a reasonable time Susceptibility to interference conditions subject to fluctuation... 

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION SAFE PRACTICES OF PN... 

American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Task force for the revision of safe practices for parenteral nutrition. Safe practices of parenteral nutrition. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004 28 S39-70. 

Selected aspects of safe practice in solids handling are covered below. For additional information, refer to the rules for plant safety prepared by the Expert Commission for Safety in the Swiss Chemical Industry (ESCIS, 1988). While making no mention of fluidization, this source provides many practical suggestions for the avoidance of electrostatic ignition risks in powder handling operations. 

Conrad Schuerch, Safe Practice in the Chemistry Laboratory A Safety Manual, in Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, v. 3, Norman V. Steere, ed. (Easton, PA Division of Chemical Education, American Chemical Society, 1974), pp. 22-25. 

The Safe Practices Manual for Manufacturing, Transportation, Storage and Use of Pyrotechnics publication of The Department of Health(Education and Welfare,bulletin PB-297807... 

Institute of Petroleum (IP), Area Classification Code for Petroleum Installations. Model Code of Safe Practice, Part 15, IP, London, U.K., 1990. 

Institute of Petroleum Model Code of Safe Practice, Vol. 1, New York, Wiley, 1987... 

A decade and a half ago, I reviewed functions of play in animals and humans (Smith, 1982). At that time, I argued for the third hypothesis as regards R T that it served as safe practice during childhood for what, in the environment of evolutionary... 

To protect against the explosion and fire hazard, a plant manager should (a) have qualified plant personnel field monitor for explosive atmospheres and flammable vapors, (b) keep all potential ignition sources away from an explosive or flammable environment, (c) use nonsparking, explosion-proof equipment, and (d) follow safe practices when performing any task that might result in the agitation or release of chemicals. 

Make certain that areas for radionuclide use are well marked, so that infrequent visitors to the laboratory will be immediately aware of areas to avoid. Ideally, these rooms should be locked and inaccessible to all but authorized personnel. A wise practice is to assume that these rooms will be entered by individuals lacking training in safe practices, and this mandates in favor of safe and secure storage procedures. 

For certification by the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, each institution establishes its own standards of safe practice that must meet or exceed N. R. C. Standards. Practices of individual investigators must adhere to their own institutional policies and regulations. 

Roman candles, set-pieces, wheels and other devices are normally secured to stakes placed in the ground. This is a safe practice so long as the stakes are positioned between the firework and the audience, whereby any loosely-held firework cannot tip towards the audience. 

The fireworks industry in the UK is too small to warrant continuous attention by Parliament, but two corporate bodies have been established in accordance with the Health and Safety at Work Act that control safe practices within factories, including fireworks factories, and this, in turn, ensures a safe standard of products that reach the general public. 

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