Explosion proof equipment

These alloys have corrosion resistance similar to that of copper, with mechanical properties equivalent to mild steel. Because silicon bronzes do not generate sparks under shocks, they can be used in the fabrication of explosion-proof equipment. Compared to tin bronzes, the tinless bronzes have a higher shrinkage (1.7-2.5% against 1.3-1.5% of tin bronzes) and less fluid-flow, which is an important consideration in designing. 

For facilities that include large numbers of motors and other electrical equipment, it normally is both more economical and more convenient to furnish a building to enclose the required motor starters and distribution panels. This building is normally referred to as a motor control center (MCC). In addition to typically allowing less expensive non-explosion-proof equipment, these buildings are frequently environmentally controlled (air conditioned, and possibly heated in colder climates) to reduce equipment corrosion and enhance reliability. Maintenance is more easily performed indoors than if the equipment were installed outside and maintenance personnel were subject to extreme cold, rain, snow, or other adverse weather conditions. 

Most of the chloro-fluoro-refrigerants are nonflammable and nontoxic. Ammonia does not require explosion-proof equipment, hut it will hum and is toxic and somewhat difficult to handle. The hydrocarhons propylene, ethylene, and propane are explosive and somewhat toxic and must receive proper attention to safety, as in the design of a light hydrocarbon plant. 

Use only explosion-proof equipment and spark-proof tools. 

The acoustic sensor used for capturing process vibrations is often a standard accelerometer, covering a frequency range 0-50 kHz - or a so-called acoustic emission sensor (AE) often covering higher frequencies from 50 kHz up to several MHz. The 4396 and ATEX 5874 accelerometers from Briiel Kjaer are shown in Figure 9.2. The 4396 accelerometer is a standard accelerometer for industrial use and the ATEX 5874 is a certified accelerometer for use where explosion proof equipment is needed (EX certified). 

To protect against the explosion and fire hazard, a plant manager should (a) have qualified plant personnel field monitor for explosive atmospheres and flammable vapors, (b) keep all potential ignition sources away from an explosive or flammable environment, (c) use nonsparking, explosion-proof equipment, and (d) follow safe practices when performing any task that might result in the agitation or release of chemicals. 

Positive displacement pumps can be built to run on 440-V three-phase service, 220-V service or 110-V single-phase service. The site of electrical service may be restricted in some fuel production and distribution areas. Often, explosion proof enclosures and associated equipment must be used when locating equipment in a hazardous area. If explosion-proof equipment is required, the cost of the equipment will increase significantly. 

In some instances spark-free and explosion-proof equipment may be... 

Explosion proof equipments, buildings and procedures must be enforced when flammable fluids are handled, especially for light hydrocarbons. Explosion atmosphere sensors have to be installed, and connected to high power fans and to fluid reservoirs stop valves. 

One major consideration is the need to recover and recycle the methanol. As methanol is a toxic and an explosive material, use of explosion proof equipment and extra safety precautions are mandatory. 

Butane, isobutane, and propane are asphyxiants and should be handled in a well-ventilated environment it is recommended that environmental oxygen levels are monitored and not permitted to fall below a concentration of 18% v/v. These vapors do not support life therefore when cleaning large tanks, adequate provisions for oxygen supply must be provided for personnel cleaning the tanks. Butane is highly flammable and explosive and must only be handled in an explosion-proof room that is equipped with adequate safety warning devices and explosion-proof equipment. 

Heptane is very flammable and is therefore an explosion and/or fire hazard (lower and upper explosive limits are 1.05% and 6.7%, respectively, by volume). Care should be taken to keep areas of high concentration free from ignition sources, such as sparks from static electricity, and explosion-proof equipment should be used. 

Often explosion-proof equipment is not available for example, it is difficult to buy explosion-proof motors greater than 250 hp as a stock item. One of the following methods can be used to provide low-cost protection in hazardous-area operations ... 

Organic solvents Remove adhesive and solder paste residues have a wide-process window can clean at room temperature do not oxidize or corrode metals Solvents and solvent vapors may he flammable high cost may be slow drying limits on VOCs and ozone-depleting solvents (ODSs) require explosion-proof equipment... 

Explosion forms explosive air-vapor mixtures. sealed machinery, ventilation, explosion-proof equipment and Ughting. grounding. in case of fire keep tanks/drums cod tqr sprmfkig with wafor. 

Explosion finely dispersed particles can explode on contact with air. keep dust from accumulating use sealed machinery, explosion-proof equipment and lighting, grounding. ... 

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