Risk tools

Collaboration with the Risk-Based Site Selection Working Group of the initiative is on-going. Development of ICH Q9 guidance will provide additional risk tools and principles and facilitate international harmonization of these principles. 

Because so much of aviation is controlled by people, human factor analysis tools are at the heart of the aviation industry. Different types of human factors analyses are used in air navigation, such as air traffic control, crew resource management in the cockpit, and even appropriate design and maintenance of aircraft systems. Fault tree analysis, fault hazard analysis, FMEA, and different probabilistic risk tools are also used in the detailed design of safety critical subsystems. 

This document contains a presentation of the online risk tool Promaps Online, currently running simulation of the Norwegian power system. Furthermore in this paper we introduce some of... 

Design procedures are developed with the intention of improving the safety of equipment. Tools used in this step are hazard and operability studies and quantitative risk analysis (ORA). The following scheme may be used ... 

Petroleum economics provides the tools with which to quantify and assess the financial risks involved in field exploration, appraisal and development, and allows a consistent approach with which alternative investments can be compared. The techniques are applied to advise management on the attractiveness of such investment opportunities, to assist in selecting the best options, and to determine how to maximise the value of existing assets. 

In plant maintenance, the availability of quantitative and non-invasive screening NDT methods will reduce the time needed for shutdowns and increase the intervals between them. Modem NDT methods will become just as important a tool for Risk Based Inspection approaches and maintenance planning as operational parameters and degradation mechanisms already are. 

The hand lay-up or spray-up process, used universally for the production of laminar composites incorporating glass fiber reinforcement, is most efficient for the manufacture of large parts, such as boats, bathtubs, tanks, architectural shapes, and recreational accessories. Resins intended for spray-up processes are usually modified with thixotropic additives, such as fumed siHca (1%), to reduce the risk of drainage when appHed over large vertical mold surfaces. Molds are also made from ERP for short-mn products usually surfaced with a tooling gel coat to provide consistent surface quaHty and appearance. 

REIST Aerosol Science and Technology, Second Edition RHINE, TUCKER Modeling of Gas-Fired Furnaces and Boilers and Other Industrial Heating Processes ROSSITER Waste Minimization Through Process Design SAMDANI Safety and Risk Management Tools and Techniques in the CPI... 

Hazard and Risk Assessment Tools The hazard and risk assessment tools used vary with the stage of the project from the early design stage to plant operations. Many techniques are available, both quahtative and quantitative, some of which are hsted in the following section. Reviews done early in projects often result in easier, more effective changes. 

The scope of a study required to satisfy these goals will be dependent upon the extent of the risk, the depth of the study required, and the level of resources available (mathematical models and tools and skilled people to perform the study and any internal or external constraints). 

CCPS G-21. Tools for Making Acute Risk Decisions with Chemical Process Safety Applications. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Center for Chemical Process Safety, New York. 

D. C. Elendershot, Risk Guidelines as a Risk Management Tool, Process Safety Progress 15, 4 (Winter 1996), 213-218. 

The acronym for chemical process quantitative risk analysis. It is the process of hazard identification followed by numerical evaluation of incident consequences and frequencies, and their combination into an overall measure of risk when applied to the chemical process industry. It is particularly applied to episodic events. It differs from, but is related to, a probabilistic risk analysis (PRA), a quantitative tool used in the nuclear industry... 

There is all increased risk of variation each time a new set-up operation is required due to changes in the orientation of the part or tooling. 

The so-called Q7 tools and techniques, Cause and Effect Diagrams, Pareto Analysis, etc. (Bicheno, 1994 Dale and McQuater, 1998 Straker, 1995), are applicable to any stage of the product development process. Indeed they support the working of some of the techniques mentioned, for example using a Pareto chart for prioritizing the potential risks in terms of the RPN index for a design as determined in FMEA (see Appendix III). 

To improve customer satisfaction and business competitiveness, companies need to reduce the levels of non-conformance and attendant failure costs associated with poor product design and development. Attention needs to be focused on the quality and reliability of the design as early as possible in the product development process. This can be achieved by understanding the potential for variability in design parameters and the likely failure consequences in order to reduce the overall risk. The effective use of tools and techniques for designing for quality and reliability can provide this necessary understanding to reduce failure costs. 

Tools are available to assist in comparing the risk associated with two or more different processes. For example, the first sheet of the Dow Fire and Explosion Index (FEI) (Dow, 1994b) ranks the safety characteristics of the process from a fire/explosion standpoint, without taking credit for protective and mitigation features. The Dow Chemical Exposure Index (CEI) (Dow, 1994a) and Id s Mond Index (ICI, 1985 Tyler, 1985) are other ranking tools. 

A number of vendors offer software based hazard assessment tools that help determine the magnitude of the hazards involved. With this software, calculations can be made to reflect the hazard for various failures. Some risk ranking software combines hazard assessment with probabilities of occurrence so that the relative risk levels can be assessed. 

Hendershot, D. C. (1996). Risk Guidelines As a Risk Management Tool. Process Plant Safety Symposium, April 1-2,1996, Houston, TX, Houston, TX SouthTexas Section of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. 

FEP, fault tree, gvent tree and piping instrumentation diagram (P ID) editor, accesses ihe package of graphical tools for risk assessment. These tools include the event tree, fault tree and P ID graphical editors. The event tree and fault tree editors are in PSAPACK the P ID editor is in FEP. The event tree editor is used for graphical construction and modification of event trees. The fault tree editor does the same for fault trees the P ID editor does the same for construction and modification of P IDs used in a PSA. 

Ki-.k H.ised Regulation EQUIMP calculates component importance measures based on f rnups uC h,.i. K events, RDUPDATE perform.s sensitivity on entire Llasse.s of cvetiis Tivj-.c and other tools produce results to support a risk-b.iscd aiguincni lot coilv relief... 

---