COMBINE software

Dubois and colleagues studied the problem of overlapping fragments. They developed the program DARC-EPIOS, which can retrieve structural formulas from overlapping C-NMR data [29]. The COMBINE software uses similar techniques. 

Monitors are classified as software monitors, hardware monitors, firmware monitors, and hybrid monitors. Hybrid monitors combine software, hardware, or firmware. 

In order to provide reliable systems that can cope with radiation effects, we believe that the solution hes in combining software-based and hardware-based techniques. The main objective of this book is finding the best trade-off between software-based and hardware-based techniques, in order to increase existing fault detection rates up to 100%, while maintaining low overheads in performance by means of operating clock frequency and application execution time, and in area by means of program and data memory overhead, and extra hardware modules. 

An error was found in the software specifications. During design, the physical area of the site was divided into two parts so that parallel software development could occur. A key item at the interface was missed, each software author wrongly believing that the other part was addressing the item. The method for overall verification of the combined software was also criticised as inadequate. 

Transputer n. A type of process-control architecture in which computing elements are linked not only by a systems bus but also by additional links combining software and hardware, called firmware links. The gain in speed of handling control tasks (as of 11/91) is about a factor of 20, permitting the use of complex control algorithms for, say, injection molding, that could not be used with conventional microprocessor/bus systems. 

Weaver R A, Despotou G, Kelly T P, McDermind J A (2005). Combining Software Evidence - Arguments and Assurance. Twenty seventh International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) Workshop on Realising Evidence-based Software Engineering. St. Louis Missouri, USA, May 2005. 

The basic purpose of this is to integrate software with the PE system and combine software and hardware in the PE system. Some of the major issues related to this are as follows (see Clause 2.3.3) ... 

Nehme and Lundqvist [6] describe a framework combining software tools for application verification and hardware platforms for execution and real-time monitoring. The tool translates safety critical VHDL code into a formal representation in a form of finite state machine (FSM) model. Formal techniques can then be applied on FSM representation to verify properties such as liveness and deadlock and to validate that the timing constraints of the original system are met. Three aspects of the tool implementation are discussed transformation of source code into an intermediate representation, verification of real-time properties, and some tool-related implementation issues. 

Bouffard, G., Iguchi-Cartigny, J., Lanet, J.-L. Combined Software and Hardware Attacks on the Java Card Control Flow. In Prouff, E. (ed.) CARDIS 2011. LNCS, vol. 7079, pp. 283-296. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)... 

This is the method used by the commercial software packages Crystal Ball and RISK . The method is ideally suited to computers as the description of the method will reveal. Suppose we are trying to combine two independent variables, say gross reservoir thickness and net-to-gross ratio (the ratio of the net sand thickness to the gross thickness of the reservoir section) which need to be multiplied to produce a net sand thickness. We have described the two variables as follows ... 

These two transducer pairs are activated alternating. For this purpose an ultrasonic instrument is combined with a two channel multiplexer. Figure 8 presents a modified standard instrument USN52 which also implies a modified software. This system performs four measurements per second - alternating the velocity and the thickness are determined. The probe can be scanned over the surface and in every position both, the velocity and the wall thickness are indicated Using the serial interface of the instrument finally a two-dimensional map of velocity or thickness can be generated. 

We showed that experimentally recorded DACs and synthetically generated DGS curves are equivalent if the described requirements are fulfilled. Consequently an echo amplitude evaluation program has been developed which combines both techniques in one instrument. The software of the new state-of-the-art Ultrasonic Notebook USLT 2000 allows, apart from many other new possibilities, the combined or exclusive use of the reference block and the DGS method for amplitude evaluation. Even in those situations where DACs cannot be re-... 

We are confident that any user of this combined evaluation technique, as well as the development of future test standards for manual ultrasonic testing will benefit from this result, because it allows a greater flexibility in the applicable method without loosing reliability. Often an expensive production of a reference block can be avoided and therefore testing costs are reduced. Since all calculations are performed by a PC, the operator can fully concentrate on his most important duty scanning the workpiece and observing the A-scan. Additional time will be saved for the test documentation, since all testing results are stored in the instrument s memory (the PC s hard drive) with full link to the Software World (Microsoft Word, Excel, etc.). 

In order to get an extremely high resolution and a small dead zone" (after the transmitter pulse) single amplifier states must have a bandwidth up to 90 MHz ( ), and a total bandwidth of 35 MHz (-3 dB) can be reached (HILL-SCAN 3010HF). High- and low-pass filters can be combined to band-passes and provide optimal A-scans. All parameters are controlled by software. 

The backtracking algorithm is the core part of every software system that performs substructure searching. There are other approaches which have been applied both as alternatives to the backtracking algorithm or (most usually) in combination with it. Section 6.3.3 describes the approaches used for the optimization of the... 

The approximation to the closed integral improves as the number of iterations increases up to a point. The actual values in Table 1-1 may be system specific, that is, different hardware and software combinations may give slightly different results because of different ways of storing numbers. One is tempted to think of approximations as getting better without limit, the sum approaching the integral... 

The generalized Born/surface area (GB/SA) model is a combination of the Born and SASA models. This method has been effective in describing the solvation of biomolecular molecules. It is incorporated in the MacroModel software package. 

When structure-property relationships are mentioned in the current literature, it usually implies a quantitative mathematical relationship. Such relationships are most often derived by using curve-fitting software to find the linear combination of molecular properties that best predicts the property for a set of known compounds. This prediction equation can be used for either the interpolation or extrapolation of test set results. Interpolation is usually more accurate than extrapolation. 

At the time of this review, a new graphic user interface was under development. Jaguar can also be purchased as part of the Titan program, which combines Jaguar with the Spartan graphic interface. An orbital viewer for Jaguar is available from Serena Software. 

Computers, often combined with transputers, are used for three main functions when connected to a mass spectrometer. The foremost requirements involve the acquisition and preprocessing of basic data and the control of the instrument s scanning operations. Additional software programs are available to manipulate the preprocessed data in a wide variety of ways depending on what is required, e.g., a mass spectrum or a total ion chromatogram. 

The assessment of the contribution of a product to the fire severity and the resulting hazard to people and property combines appropriate product flammabihty data, descriptions of the building and occupants, and computer software that includes the dynamics and chemistry of fires. This type of assessment offers benefits not available from stand-alone test methods quantitative appraisal of the incremental impact on fire safety of changes in a product appraisal of the use of a given material in a number of products and appraisal of the differing impacts of a product in different buildings and occupancies. One method, HAZARD I (11), has been used to determine that several commonly used fire-retardant—polymer systems reduced the overall fire hazard compared to similar nonfire retarded formulations (12). 

Mixtures can be identified with the help of computer software that subtracts the spectra of pure compounds from that of the sample. For complex mixtures, fractionation may be needed as part of the analysis. Commercial instmments are available that combine ftir, as a detector, with a separation technique such as gas chromatography (gc), high performance Hquid chromatography (hplc), or supercritical fluid chromatography (96,97). Instmments such as gc/ftir are often termed hyphenated instmments (98). Pyrolyzer (99) and thermogravimetric analysis (tga) instmmentation can also be combined with ftir for monitoring pyrolysis and oxidation processes (100) (see Analytical methods, hyphenated instruments). 

The variables that are combined hnearly are In / 17T, and In C, Multilinear regression software can be used to find the constants, or only three sets of the data smtably spaced can be used and the constants found by simultaneous solution of three linear equations. For a linearized Eq. (7-26) the variables are logarithms of / C, and Ci,. The logarithmic form of Eq. (7-24) has only two constants, so the data can be plotted and the constants read off the slope and intercept of the best straight line. 

Sometimes fuzzy logic controllers are combined with pattern recognition software such as artificial neural networks (Kosko, Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1992). 

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