Polyphenylene sulfide Resins

Methacrylatochromic chloride Polyetherimide resin Polyphenylene sulfide resin Polysulfone resin appliances, domestic Nylon 46 appliances, elec. 

High performance resins Polyphenylene sulfide Polysulfone Polyether sulfone Polyether ketone Polyether ether ketone Polyetherimide... 

Polyphenylene sulfide Toughen brittle resins, +Can impart special properties such... 

For the past 20 years, 1,4-dichlorobenzene has been used principally (35-55% of all uses) as a space deodorant for toilets and refuse containers, and as a fumigant for control of moths, molds, and mildews. A significant amount of 1,4-dichlorobenzene is exported (34%), with lesser amounts used in the production of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin (approximately 27% of its total use), and as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals such as 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (approximately 10%). Minor uses of 1,4-dichlorobenzene also include its use in the control of certain tree-boring insects and ants, and in the control of blue mold in tobacco seed beds (Chemical Marketing Reporter 1990 HSDB 1998). 

Production, Import/Export, Use, Release, and Disposal. Data on the production and uses of 1,4-dichlorobenzene in the United States are available (C EN 1995 Chemical Marketing Reporter 1990 HSDB 1998 IRPTC 1985 SRI 1996 TRI96 1998). Production has increased over the past decade and is projected to increase for the next several years due to an increased demand for 1,4-dichlorobenzene to be used in the production of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resins. Incineration is the recommended disposal method for 1,4-dichlorobenzene (HSDB 1998 IRPTC 1985). Disposal of this compound is controlled by... 

The primary resin of interest is epoxy. Carbon-fiber-epoxy composites represent about 90% of CFRP production. The attractions of epoxy resins are that they polymerize without the generation of condensation products that can cause porosity, they exhibit little volumetric shrinkage during cure which reduces internal stresses, and they are resistant to most chemical environments. Other matrix resins of interest for carbon fibers include the thermosetting phenolics, polyimides, and polybismaleimides, as well as high-temperature thermoplastics such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyphenylene sulfide. 

Many semicompatible rubbery polymers are added to increase the impact resistance of other polymers, such as PS. Other comminuted resins, such as silicones or polyfluorocarbons, are added to increase the lubricity of other plastics. For example, a hot melt dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe) in polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is used as a coating for antistick cookware. 

Matrix materials for commercial composites are mainly liquid thermosetting resins such as polyesters, vinyl esters, epoxy resins, and bismaleimide resins. Thermoplastic composites are made from polyamides, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polysulfone, polyetherim-ide (PEI), and polyamide-imide (PAI). 

Polyphenylene sulfide parts are commonly bonded together with adhesives. A suggested surface preparation method is to solvent-degrease the substrate in acetone, sandblast, and then repeat the degreasing step with fresh solvent. The polyphenylene sulfide surface that forms next to a mold surface is more difficult to bond than a freshly abraided surface. This is possibly due to a different chemical surface structure that forms at high temperature when the resin is in contact with the metal mold surface. 

PVC = polyvinyl chloride, PVDF = polyvinylidene fluoride, PPS = polyphenylene sulfide, ENR = epoxy novolac resin. d The lower the preparation temperatures, the higher the reversible and irreversible capacities (within the limits specified in the table). e The reversible capacity depends on the cycle number, cutoff voltage, and other experimental parameters. Maximal reversible capacity around 650 mAh/gr could be obtained. 

PB PBI PBMA PBO PBT(H) PBTP PC PCHMA PCTFE PDAP PDMS PE PEHD PELD PEMD PEC PEEK PEG PEI PEK PEN PEO PES PET PF PI PIB PMA PMMA PMI PMP POB POM PP PPE PPP PPPE PPQ PPS PPSU PS PSU PTFE PTMT PU PUR Poly(n.butylene) Poly(benzimidazole) Poly(n.butyl methacrylate) Poly(benzoxazole) Poly(benzthiazole) Poly(butylene glycol terephthalate) Polycarbonate Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) Poly(chloro-trifluoro ethylene) Poly(diallyl phthalate) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) Polyethylene High density polyethylene Low density polyethylene Medium density polyethylene Chlorinated polyethylene Poly-ether-ether ketone poly(ethylene glycol) Poly-ether-imide Poly-ether ketone Poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly-ether sulfone Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyimide Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl acrylate) Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(methacryl imide) Poly(methylpentene) Poly(hydroxy-benzoate) Polyoxymethylene = polyacetal = polyformaldehyde Polypropylene Poly (2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene ether) = Poly(phenylene oxide) Polyp araphenylene Poly(2,6-diphenyl-l,4-phenylene ether) Poly(phenyl quinoxaline) Polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfide Polyphenylene sulfone Polystyrene Polysulfone Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) Polyurethane Polyurethane rubber... 

Dichlorobenzenes. In 1998, approximately 16 million lb of the o-dichlorobenzene was converted into 3,4-dichloroaniline, the raw material for several major herbicides. Also a small amount (3 million lb) goes to various solvent applications. The major demands for/ -dichlorobenzene come from uses in polyphenylene sulfide resins (50 million lb), room deodorants (16 million lb), and moth-control agents (11 million lb). Any future growth will have to come from the phenylene sulfide resins. 

To illustrate this effect on colors, three single-pigment colors (blue, red, and yellow) were developed in three different resin systems. Blue and yellow were produced in acetal (POM), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), and LCP. The red color was prepared in nylon 6,6, PPS, and LCP. The acetal and nylon resins are translucent while the PPS and LCP are opaque at the 3.2-mm sample thickness. In all three colors, the more translucent resins produced visually more brilliant, higher chroma colors than the more opaque resins with increased diffuse scattering. 

Acetal Resin Nylon 66 Polyamideimide Polycarbonate Polyester - PBT Polyphenylene Sulfide... 

Polyphenylene sulfide resins have been produced commercially since 1973 by lllps Petroleum Company and are sold under the trademark RytonSl... 

Similarly, Figure 6 summarizes the creep behavior of glass-and mineral-filled polyphenylene sulfide under three sets of conditions 24°C/5,000 psi flexural load, 66°C/5,000 psi, and 1210C/3,000 psi. Table III compares the per cent loss In apparent creep modulus at 1,000 hours and at 10,000 hours for each of these conditions using the apparent creep modulus at one hour as a basis. These data Indicate that the creep resistance of the glass- and mineral-filled polymer Is similar to that of the 40% glass-filled resin. 

Table V Indicates the good retention of electrical properties exhibited by the 40% glass-filled PPS at temperatures up to 147°C. In addition, exposure of test specimens to 50 per cent relative humidity for 5 days did not cause any appreciable change In either dielectric constant or dissipation factor. Thus, environmental factors do not have much effect upon the electrical behavior of polyphenylene sulfide resins.

The effects of neutron and gamma radiation on the mechanical behavior of 40X glass-filled polyphenylene sulfide are summarized in Table X. These data indicate that this resin is quite stable to environments involving radiation. 

Progress has also been made in part cooling. Portable and centralized chillers have been developed to cool the part in a minimum time. These closed loop systems use water or water-ethylene glycol combinations as the heat transfer medium. The application of heat transfer principles allows one to computer model the cooling process (35). For the new engineering resins such as polyamide-imide and polyphenylene sulfide, one must use mold heating. The use... 

Macallum reported that polymers prepared in this manner generally contained more than one sulfur atom per repeat unit (x in the range 1.0-1.3) (2). In addition the polymerization reaction was highly exothermic and difficult to control even on a small scale (3). Later Lenz and co-workers at Dow reported another synthesis of PPS (4,5,6) based on a nucleophilic substitution reaction involving the self-condensation of materials such as copper p-bromothiophenoxide. The reaction was carried out at 200-250°C under nitrogen in the solid state or in the presence of a reaction medium such as pyridine. It was quite difficult to remove the by-product, copper bromide, from polymers made by this process (7). These and other methods of polymerization have been reviewed by Smith (8). Polyphenylene sulfide resins have been described more recently by Short and Hill (9). 

Molding Resin Applications. Polyphenylene sulfide is establishing itself as a basic engineering material for bearing applications and other... 

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