Moths control

Dichlorobenzene is consumed for 3,4-dich1oroani1ine, the base material for several herbicides, in the United States and Western Europe and is emulsified in Japan for garbage treatment. The greatest market worldwide for -dichlorobenzene is for deodorant blocks and moth control. A growing use for -dichlorobenzene is the manufacture of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) resins. 

Japan, as of January 1, 1989, had a total capacity of 28 thousand metric tons of monochlorobenzene and 49 thousand tons of dichlorobenzenes. The Japanese prices have remained fairly constant since 1985. The Japanese consumption of -dichlorobenzene is 81% for moth control, 11% for PPS resins, and 8% for dye-stuffs. There has been very Htde export from Japan of chlorobenzenes and imports have been mainly -dichlorobenzene from the United States, Germany, Prance, and the United Kingdom. 

Dichlorobenzene. T -Dichlorobenzene s largest and growing oudet is in the manufacture of poly(phenylene sulfide) resin (PPS). Other apphcations include room deodorant blocks and moth control, a market which is static and likely to remain unchanged but combined is currently a larger outlet than PPS. Small amounts ofT -dichlorobenzene are used in the production of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, dyes, and insecticide intermediates. Exports have been a principal factor in U.S. production with about 25% exported in 1988. 

The widespread use of economic poisons has a definite impact on the animal complex on the face of the earth which provides our sustenance. Already we have seen the use of DDT for codling moth control on apples result in a relatively minor pest becoming a serious threat. The same material used as a wonder spray for fly control now fails, after a couple years of common usage, with the appearance of new, resistant strains of flies. Bees and other pollinating insects as well as helpful predators or parasites may be decimated and their important aid be lost by untimely or improper use of most of the newer insecticides. 

The use of plant extracts for insect control dates into antiquity the use of Paris green as an insecticide for control of the Colorado potato beetle in 1867 probably marks the beginning of the modern era of chemical control of injurious insects. The development of lead arsenate followed later in the nineteenth century for gypsy moth control. The commercial production of nicotine insecticides, the production of calcium arsenate at the time of the first world war, and the use of fluorine, arsenical, and cyanide compounds, as well as other inorganic chemicals for insect control, were important steps in pest control. These chemicals were applied largely by dilute high pressure sprays or dusts. 

Dichlorobenzene is a chlorinated aromatic compound. It is used as a deodorant for restrooms (Howard 1990), for moth control (Merck 1989), and as an insecticide (Farm Chemicals 1983). Information regarding the chemical identity of 1,4-dichlorobenzene is located in Table 3-1. 

Uses. Disinfectant and deodorant chemical intermediate moth control... 

Dichlorobenzenes. In 1998, approximately 16 million lb of the o-dichlorobenzene was converted into 3,4-dichloroaniline, the raw material for several major herbicides. Also a small amount (3 million lb) goes to various solvent applications. The major demands for/ -dichlorobenzene come from uses in polyphenylene sulfide resins (50 million lb), room deodorants (16 million lb), and moth-control agents (11 million lb). Any future growth will have to come from the phenylene sulfide resins. 

This program formed the basis for tests in subsequent years. Greatly improved biological information is now available. Controlled-release formulations of disparlure have been improved. On the basis of this experience, we can now define where formulations of disparlure might play a role in gypsy moth control. 

The following points must be borne in mind, however, if success is to be achieved with this method of codling moth control. 

How to Use Place 1 UV light trap near your fruit trees or corn planting. Use an automatic timer to activate the light from 11 00 RM. to 3 00 A.M. Moth control is most effective during this time, while injury to beneficial insects is minimized. 

Cedar Plus. [Petrokem] Moth control prods. 

The acceptance of BTk as an insecticide is best illustrated by its "use in gypsy moth control programs in the U.S. When introduced in 1961, BT was applied to 22,000 acres of gypsy moth infected forest, about 6% of treated acres. In 1985 and 1986 over... 

Although diflubenzuron is not sprayed directly on freshwaters in gypsy moth control, aerial spraying of large forest tracts may result in exposure of streams by way of leaf litter. Residual diflubenzuron was present for... 

Beroza, M. BCnipling, E. F. Gypsy Moth Control with the Sex Attractant Pheromone. Science 1972,... 

Para-dichlorobenzene in its solid form, > 99% purity, is used for moth control and space-deodorants and sublimes at 50 F to a heavier-than-air vapor. Action fumigant against moths and their larvae, vapors act as a space deodorant, and a fungistat. As a moth control agent, a usage of 1 Ib./lOO cubic feet of confined space is recommended.. .. The p-dichlorobenzene should be kept at a level such that the fumes in the confined area are concentrated enough to cause irritation to the eyes. 

Dichlorobenzene is used to produce disinfectant blocks and room deodorants, as moth control agent, and for the production of insecticides, of polyphenylene-sulfide-based plastics and after nitration to 2,5-dichloronitrobenzene, of dyes. It is obtained from a mixture of dichlorobenzenes by crystallisation from the melt. 

After MuUer s discovery, the American pesticide industry took to DDT almost overnight. The commercial production of DDT, which was negligible in 1943, increased dramatically, as over 2 million pounds of DDT r month were synthesized just two years later. Furthermore, DDT use spread to many different sectors, from mosquito control in rural and urban areas, to agricultural use on row crops and fruit trees, to the use in the gypsy moth-control programs in the northeastern United States, to use in livestock operations and other industries associated with food production. DDT was an overnight sensation. 

Calcium arsenate and lead arsenates (orthoarsenates and more complex arsenates) still are employed for certain cotton insects and codling moth control in apples, as well as for other insect-control purposes. These uses are dwindling, as are the uses of arsenites for soil sterilization. At present, the residue and toxicological properties of the arsenicals in relation to human toxicity and ecological factors are under review by government, scientific, and administrative bodies. The above is true also for organic arsenicals such as cacodylic acid [(CH3)2As(0)0H] and... 

Ryanodine [15662-33-6] is the active ingredient of the roots of Ryania speciosa, (Flacourtiaceae). It is more stable against sunlight and air than pyrethrum and rotenone and is used for codling moth control. 

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