Deodorizers, room

Sprays. Aerosol spray emulsions are of the water-in-oil type. The preferred propellant is a hydrocarbon or mixed hydrocarbon—hydrofluorocarbon. About 25 to 30% propellent, miscible with the oil, remains in the external phase of the emulsion. When this system is dispensed, the propellant vaporizes, leaving behind droplets of the w/o emulsion (Fig. 2b). A vapor tap valve, which tends to produce finely dispersed particles, is employed. Because the propellant and the product concentrate tend to separate on standing, products formulated using this system, such as pesticides and room deodorants, must be shaken before use. 

Ninety-six percent of the EDC produced in the United States is converted to vinyl chloride for the production of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) (1) (see Vinyl polymers). Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride are used as chemical intermediates in the manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons (CECs). Methjiene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene have wide and varied use as solvents. Methyl chloride is used almost exclusively for the manufacture of silicone. Vinylidene chloride is chiefly used to produce poly (vinylidene chloride) copolymers used in household food wraps (see Vinylidene chloride and poly(vinylidene chloride). Chloroben2enes are important chemical intermediates with end use appHcations including disinfectants, thermoplastics, and room deodorants. 

Dichlorobenzene. T -Dichlorobenzene s largest and growing oudet is in the manufacture of poly(phenylene sulfide) resin (PPS). Other apphcations include room deodorant blocks and moth control, a market which is static and likely to remain unchanged but combined is currently a larger outlet than PPS. Small amounts ofT -dichlorobenzene are used in the production of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, dyes, and insecticide intermediates. Exports have been a principal factor in U.S. production with about 25% exported in 1988. 

The oxidative degradation of organic pollutants in water and air streams is considered as one of the so-called advanced oxidation processes. Photocatalytic decomposition of organics found widespread industrial interest for air purification (e.g., decomposition of aldehydes, removal of NO , ), deodorization, sterilization, and disinfection. Domestic applications based on Ti02 photocatalysts such as window self-cleaning, bathroom paints that work under illumination with room light, or filters for air conditioners operating under UV lamp illumination have already been commercialized. Literature-based information on the multidisciplinary field of photocatalytic anti-pollutant systems can be found in a number of publications, such as Bahnemann s [237, 238] (and references therein). 

The use of ozonizers for deodorizing indoor air has been discussed and evaluated with respect to potential health hazards. In a normal 40-m room, an ozone concentration of 0.1 ppm is established after 3.5 h of operation of one of these devices. Evidence on health effects was cited to support the conclusion that inhalation of the quantities of ozone produced by these air conditioners should be avoided and that certainly no beneficial effects should be attributed to ozone inhalation. 

At room temperature, 1,4-dichlorobenzene is a white solid with a strong odor that you would probably recognize as the smell of mothballs. When a package of 1,4-di chlorobenzene is opened, it slowly changes from a solid into a vapor and is released into the atmosphere. The released vapor acts as a deodorizer and insect killer. Most of the 1,4-di chlorobenzene that is released to the general environment is present as a vapor. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene can burn, but does not burn easily. Most people begin to smell 1,4-di chlorobenzene when it is present in the air at a concentration of 0.18 parts per million (ppm) and in water at a concentration of 0.011 ppm. 

Respiratory Effects. Pleural effusions and alveolar infiltrations were noted in a man who had washed his hair with an unknown amount of diesel fuel (Barrientos et al. 1977). The relative contributions from inhalation and dermal exposure could not be distinguished in this case. There was no throat irritation in six volunteers following a 15-minute exposure to a concentration reported to be 140 mg/m of deodorized kerosene vapor (Carpenter et al. 1976). The authors used a hot nichrome wire for the volatilization of their test material and reported that the concentration was probably the "highest attainable concentration at which vapor analysis is representative of liquid analysis." The air saturating concentration of kerosene is considered to approximate 100 mg/m (room temperature and 760 mmHg) and is dependent on the constituents of the mixture. 

In Great Britain, the Medicines Act deems it illegal to sell amyl nitrite without a prescription. However, possession or use without a prescription is not a crime. Most other nitrates sold as poppers have escaped prosecution under the Medicines Act since distributors claimed they were room deodorizers and not marketed as medicine. However, the European Union (EU), of which Great Britain is a member, has issued a directive that any substance for sale that has a mood-altering or psychoactive effect can be classified as a medicine even if it is not labeled or marketed as such. The Medicines Control Agency, which administers the Medicines Act, has concurred with the EU directive, although as of early 2002, there was no move to control or ban poppers. 

To our knowledge, all photocatalytic purifiers/deodorizers for indoor air comprise cylindrical UV lamps consuming a few tens of electrical watts and a Ti02-coated material through which, or along which, the air passes (40,132). Because of size limitations, the geometrical surface of this material is on the order of 500-2000 cm2 for an apparatus designed for an ordinary room (i.e., a volume of 20-40 m3). An incorporated fan allows the air in the... 

Dichlorobenzenes. In 1998, approximately 16 million lb of the o-dichlorobenzene was converted into 3,4-dichloroaniline, the raw material for several major herbicides. Also a small amount (3 million lb) goes to various solvent applications. The major demands for/ -dichlorobenzene come from uses in polyphenylene sulfide resins (50 million lb), room deodorants (16 million lb), and moth-control agents (11 million lb). Any future growth will have to come from the phenylene sulfide resins. 

Pesticides may be periodically inttoduced into indoor air by direct application (e.g. insect sprays and bombs, disinfectant sprays and room deodorizers). In addition, there are often sources that continually emit vapors into the living space (e.g. continuous evaporation of residues from crack and crevice treatments and emissions from pest-control strips or other devices). Whether used inside the home or office, or outside on the lawn or garden, pesticides accumulate on indoor surfaces, especially in carpet dust, and also in upholstery and in or on children s toys (Lewis et al 1994b, 1999 Simcox et al., 1995 Nishioka et al 1996, 1999 Gurunathan et al., 1998). 

Figure 3.1 Common household products, such as the ones pictured here, can be abused as inhalants. These products, including aerosol room deodorizers, cleansers, lighter fluid, correction fluid, and nail polish, emit vapors that, when inhaled, can intoxicate an individual. 

Amyl nitrite, despite its name, is also used as a nitrate. It is a yellowish liquid taken by inhalation of its vapor for angina pectoris. It has also been used to treat cyanide poisoning, but is nowadays used exclusively as a substance of abuse. Although it is a prescription-only medicine in the UK, it is sold over the counter in glass ampoules to be used as a room deodorizer or incense. It is known under numerous different nicknames and brand names, including snappers, poppers. Rush, Kix, Liquid gold. Locker room. Hardware, Ram, Thrust, and Rock Hard. 

Plentifiil amounts of toxins are also found in our laundry detergents, fabric softeners (don t be fooled by their lovely names and pretty scents—these chemicals are some of the worst health offenders), room deodorizers, perfumes, colognes, air fresheners, cosmetics, and personal hygiene products. For eyeopening information on the effects of these toxins, the many hidden places they lurk, and how to eliminate them from your body, read my books The Brain Wash and The 4- Week Ultimate Body Detox Plan. Regardless of how you come into contact with them, the majority of these toxins acidify your body. 

Use Decolorizing of sugar, water and air purification, solvent recovery, waste treatment, removal of sulfur dioxide from stack gases and clean rooms, deodorant, removal of jet fumes from airports, catalyst for natural-gas purification, brewing, chromium electroplating, air- conditioning. 

---