Cooling parts

P-type manifold—veiiical configuration. The P ring dryer (see Fig. 12-100) incorporates a single-stage classifier and was developed specifically for use with heat-sensitive materials. The undried material is reintroduced into a cool part of the dryer in which it recirculates until it is dry enough to leave the circuit. 

The screw clamp may be adjusted so that there will be a spattering on the upper, cool part of the flask, while the pressure is still maintained below 30 mm. Under these conditions, the initiation of crystallization is speeded. 

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Many solid substances (camphor, iodine, naphthalene, etc.), are known which are appreciably volatile at ordinary temperatures. Others, such as the metals, are apparently quite fixed, but they probably possess a definite, although very small vapour-pressure, even at ordinary temperatures. Thus, if magnesium is heated to 550° for a few hours in a magnesia boat enclosed in a vacuous tube it sublimes in beautiful crystals on the cool part of the tube. The vaporisation of a solid without previous fusion is called sublimation the vapour-pressure (like the vapour-pressure of a liquid), is definite for each temperature, is independent of i the volume of the vapour space, and increases with rise of temperature. 

After leaving our samples in contact with C02 for about 16 hr, we found that the bands below 1950 cm-1 had increased in intensity, while the band at 2030 cm-1 had remained essentially constant. Obviously, some of the CO had migrated to other parts of the surface, while, in addition, some of the oxygen may have migrated, or even diffused into the bulk of the metal, whereupon some further chemisorption has taken place on the Bs sites, which have thus become vacated. When the C02 is frozen out by cooling part of the cell to the temperature of liquid nitrogen, no changes in the spectra are observed. Evacuation of the cell with a diffusion pump for a... 

If the tube ends above the level of the THF, some diacetylene may condense as white leaves in the upper, cooled part of the first trap. 

The next development was the use of internal cooling by intermittent water circulation during the regeneration period. The heat was removed by radiation and flue gas convection from the walls of perforated pipes to water-cooled tubular coils installed inside these pipes. Thus, direct contact with the catalyst was avoided, which precluded cooling parts of the catalyst to temperatures at which combustion would stop. Most of the heat of combustion was recovered as steam. This was the basis of the design of the first commercial unit installed and operated in 1936. 

Five grams of anhydrous ethylenediamine are dissolved in 12ml of ice-cold water, and Sml of concentrated nitric acid are added. The cooled, partly neutralized, solution is mixed with 11.5g of cobalt (11) nitrate 6-hydrate,and 6g of sodium nitrite in 20ml of water. 

It is essential that the hot nitric acid shall not come into contact with rubber, in order that no nitrous acid may be formed. To avoid this, the top of the tube ground into the cover is sealed off, and the side-arm delivery tube lengthened to at least 25 cm. The side arm is then inserted 7 to 8 cm. below the water-cooled part of the condenser tube, which should allow of very little clearance, in order that no nitric acid may come in contact with the rubber stopper joining the two. 

Action of heat When benzoic acid is heated in an ignition tube, it melts, evaporates, and condenses in the cool parts of the tube. An irritating vapour is simultaneously evolved, but no charring occurs. If a little of the acid or of one of its salts is heated upon platinum foil or broken porcelain it bums with a blue, smoky flame (distinction from succinate). 

In Figure 12 the variation of the magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature for a film processed in conditions B (7 at.%C) is presented. The Curie temperature for this sample was measured from the heating and the cooling parts of this diagram. It slightly decreases after the annealing (approximately... 

Dana J. D. (1873) On some results of the earth s contraction from cooling Part V. Formation of the continental plateaus and oceanic depressions. Am. J. Sci. 6 161-72. 

Detection of carbon and hydrogen. The detection of carbon and hydrogen is based upon the formation of carbon dioxide and water when compounds containing these elements are heated with copper oxide. The formation of carbon dioxide is detected by passing the gases produced through a solution of barium or calcium hydroxide, whereby barium or calcium carbonate is precipitated. The formation of water is detected by the appearance of droplets in the upper (cool) part of the ignition tube. 

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