Research Method and Results

A total of 120 questionnaires were sent by mail to construction companies selected from the Builders Directory in 2006. 28 questionnaires were collected over 2 months. Participants were asked about (1) Total number of accidents of the company over the past year (2) Total number of workers per month on average within the past year (3) Whether they have implemented the 9 construction safety measures (ISAS, OHS AS 18001, SSSPS, PASS, PFSS, TQM bases SMS, BBS, SSC, SE, ST, SP) on site (Li 2006). 

As shown in the following figure, no company has implemented TQM or BBS based safety management system. All the companies have provided Safety training as it is required in the Laws of Hong Kong. More than half of the respondents reported that they have implemented ISAS (Fig. 4.1). 

The authors then run the regression of accident rates for each of the construction companies on safety measures. Dummy variable of 0 means that the company has not implemented that kind of safety measure whereas 1 confirms the implementation of the safety measure (Table 4.1). 

OHS AS and SP have negative and significant relationship with accident rate which indicate the three safety measures can effectively reduce the probability of accidents. SSSPS, PFSS and SE have negative and insignificant results. SSC has a positive but insignificant relation with accident rates. 

PFSS might not be able to reduce accident rate because it is originally designed to punish those contractors which have not performed well on safety, nearly all the contractors can get 100 % sum of money for safety issues. ISAS and OHS AS are the only tools which can reduce construction accidents. They have two common characteristics they all look at the safety issues from a wider perspective and include an item safety planning which recognizes possible hazards on site 

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The properties of Nafion membranes have been studied extensively to analyze PEMFC s operation [82], The research methods and results can be well applied to the properties of Nafion membranes under water electrolysis. 

R. N. Pierce and W. R. Blackstone, Impact Capability of S afety Glafing Materia Is, PB195040, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Tex., 1970 contaias detailed descriptions of test equipment, methods, and results for all types of glarings. 

The Advanced Seminars have been crucial for evaluating the utility and validity of existing methods and results, discussing potential improvements in methods, and setting priorities for future research. A brief summary of the advances made in previous seminars and future directions of research on chemical and isotopic techniques of diet reconstruction follows. 

Up to the present, a number of conventional film preparation methods like PVD, CVD, electro-chemical deposition, etc., have been reported to be used in synthesis of CNx films. Muhl et al. [57] reviewed the works performed worldwide, before the year 1998, on the methods and results of preparing carbon nitride hlms. They divided the preparation techniques into several sections including atmospheric-pressure chemical processes, ion-beam deposition, laser techniques, chemical vapor deposition, and reactive sputtering [57]. The methods used in succeeding research work basically did not... 

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and saxitoxin (STX) are potent sodium channel blockers that are found in phylogenetically diverse species of marine life. The wide distribution of TTX and STX has resulted in speculation that bacteria are the source of these toxins. Recently, investigators have reported isolation of marine bacteria, including Vibrio Alteromonas, Plesiomonas, and Pseudomonas species, that produce TTX and STX. This chapter details the methods and results of research to define bacterial sources of TTX and STX. 

Almlof, J., and Luthi, P., Theoretical methods and results for electronic structure calculations on very large systems, in Supercomputer Research in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, (Jensen, K. F., and Truhlar, D. G., eds.), ACS Symposium Series No. 353, 1987. 

Chapters D and E are central to the book Chapter D is devoted to present (although, in a rather short way) methods and results of magnetic measurements. Also, we thought that an up to date collection of magnetic data would help the reader of this book, and perhaps inspire new lines of research. 

Koepf, H.H. 1993. Research in Biodynamic Agriculture, Methods and Results. Biodynamic Farming and Gardening Association, Kimberton. 

Mogar, R. E. "Psychedelic (LSD) Research Critical Review of Methods and Results. In /. F. T. Bugental (ed.) Challenges of Humanistic Psychology. New York McGraw-Hill, 1967. 

A review of recent research, as well as new results, are presented on transition metal oxide clusters, surfaces, and crystals. Quantum-chemical calculations of clusters of first row transition metal oxides have been made to evaluate the accuracy of ab initio and density functional calculations. Adsorbates on metal oxide surfaces have been studied with both ab initio and semi-empirical methods, and results are presented for the bonding and electronic interactions of large organic adsorbates, e.g. aromatic molecules, on Ti02 and ZnO. Defects and intercalation, notably of H, Li, and Na in TiC>2 have been investigated theoretically. Comparisons with experiments are made throughout to validate the calculations. Finally, the role of quantum-chemical calculations in the study of metal oxide based photoelectrochemical devices, such as dye-sensitized solar cells and electrochromic displays, is discussed. 

There are important differences between the fundamental and applied research, such as different objectives, and research methods and approach. However, both areas can benefit from each other s results. Fundamental research can yield new test methods, and may help in interpreting certain effects. Applied research, which often involves screening programs, is inclined to test a wider range of behavioral categories and may therefore yield unexpected results and new problems or viewpoints for fundamental research. 

Forget, G., Gagnon, P., Sanchez, W.A. and Dutka, BJ. (2000) Overview of methods and results of the eight country International Development Research Centre (IDRC) WaterTox project, Environmental... 

Anklam et al. [7] as well as Ahmed [8] recently published a comprehensive overview of different PCR assays that have been published in the literature. The authors tried to include performance data adding to the value of the review articles. The validation of PCR methods and thus the establishment of such performance criteria is still the subject of much debate. H bner et al. [9] suggested an approach for the validation of PCR assays. In general, it is currently the view of most researchers that validation of a PCR assay should not differ essentially from the validation of other analytical methods. Thus, all principles outlined in the ISO standard 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories, ISO standard 5725 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results as well as the principles as laid down by Codex Alimentarius (http //www.co-dexalimentarius.net), are applicable to PCR. 

The liquid state is intermediate between the gaseous and solid states. It presents neither the structural regularity of solid crystals nor the typical disorder of gases. For that reason, theoretical studies of the liquid phase are based on the methods and results of the research of real gases (van der Waals) but also on the theory of disordered solids, like the results of X-ray experiments which show local ordering in liquids. 

The orginal research work leading to the methods and results described in this report was supported by both strategic and operating research grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. 

The decision to develop a pharmaceutical product transfers an active principle or compound from the resource-limited research laboratory into a new environment. In a multi-disciplinary approach the compound is subject to a variety of analytical, pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical tests and trials. From now on methods, results, documentation and the materials created are under strict scrutiny exerted by the developing organization itself and finally by several authorities. Research activities are hardly ever subject to such surveillance and control, concerning, for example the precision and consistency of methods and results. It usually takes time for a researcher to fully acknowlewdge and accept this fact. 

Nissling, A., Larsson, R., Vallin, L., Frohlund, K., 1999. Assessment of egg and larval viability in cod, Gadus morhua—methods and results from an experimental study. Fisheries Research, 38,169-186. 

Three research studies compared adjusted pharmaceutical industry profits with similarly adjusted profits in other industries. Table 4-8 summarizes the methods and results of these studies. Once again, these studies include a small number of pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceuti-cal firms, virtually all successful, and examine a short time period. Nevertheless, these studies show that adjusting accounting rates of return for investments in R D and advertising does not completely erase differences in computed profits between pharmaceuticals and the comparison industries. 

Part I covers preparation for hazard evaluation studies. Identification methods and results, evaluation techniques, followup considerations, and future research and development Part II contains worked examples. 

Clear and understandable communication is essential for continuity and progress in science. When scientists complete scientific endeavors, such as research experiments, it is important that they carefully record their methods and results. Such precise communication and record keeping allows other scientists to reproduce the experiments in the future. 

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