Pumps applications for

Conger, R. M. and Trichel, K., 1993, A Ground-Water Pumping Application for Remediation of a Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Plume with Horizontal Well Technology In Proceedings of the Seventh National Outdoor Action Conference and Exposition, Las Vegas, NV, National Ground Water Association, Dublin, OH, pp. 47-61. 

Considerations of enthalpy, as illustrated by the rule of reversed stability, and of configurational entropy provided insight into the factors governing the stabilities of the AB5 hydrides. Theoretical understanding to predict dissociation pressures should be developed on heat pump application, for example. Although... 

Applications Involving Nonlinear Absorption Phenomena. Saturable absorption (hole-burning) is a change (typically a decrease) in absorption coefficient which is proportional to pump intensity. For a simple two level system, this can be expressed as... 

Pumps for Corrosive or Toxic Applications. For some appHcations, pumpage is not only severely corrosive but also toxic, so that the pumpage must be contained with 2ero leakage (see Waste tee atment, hazardous wastes). One possibiHty is to employ a magnetically driven pump having a nonmetaUic, usually Teflon, liner at the Hquid end. 

Range of Operation Because of the wide variety of pump types and the number of factors which determine the selection of any one type for a specific installation, the designer must first eliminate all but those types of reasonable possibility. Since range of operation is always an important consideration. Fig. 10-26 should be of assistance. The boundaries shown for each pump type are at best approximate, as unusual applications for which the best selection contradicts the chart... 

A more economical alternative is found in a submersible pump where the pump, directly coupled with the prime mover, is slid into the tubewell through narrow pipes. Narrow pipes are easy to sink into rocky terrain or very deep water levels. They are less expensive and are easy to install due to the elimination of the need for a pump house. Once the unit is slid into the well it requires little maintenance. (See Figures 7.5-7.7.) Such pumps have a standard centrifugal multistage arrangement, and the motors are required to work under water or any other liquid. These motors have an exclusive application for submersible pumps. 

Textile motors Crane motors Determining the size of motor Sugar centrifuge motors Motors for deep-well pumps Motors for agricultural application Surface-cooled motors Torque motors or actuator motors Vibration and noise level Service factors Motors for hazardous locations Specification of motors for Zone 0 locations Specification of motors for Zone I locations Motors for Zone 2 locations Motors for mines, collieries and quarries Intrinsically safe circuits, type Ex. f Testing and certifying authorities Additional requirements for ciritical installations Motors for thermal power station auxiliaries Selection of a special-purpose motor... 

Q)nvcrt to a pump with a double suction impeller. Double suction impeller pumps are for low NPSH applications. 

For most applications, the balanced, o-ring cartridge seal will adequately handle every pump, liquid, and condition in a modern industrial process plant. There are, however, some industrial pumping applications that will present problems to even the best of mechanical seals. Should one of these applications cause the seal to give less than desirable performance, the next step to take in extending the service life of the seal (and ultimately the pump) is to install some type of environmental control to protect and isolate the seal components from the fluid. Let s consider some difficult sealing applications. 

Amongst the many other applications for acetal resins should be mentioned links in conveyor belts, moulded sprockets and chains, blower wheels, cams, fan blades, check valves, pump impellers, carburettor bodies, blow-moulded aerosol containers and plumbing components such as valve stems and shower heads. 

Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, and Heat Pumps - Immediate replacements for many applications include hydrocarbons, HFCs, and HCFCs. Some of these will also be candidates for long-term replacement of the currently used CFCs. This following briefly describes the alternatives that are available for specific refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump applications. 

The reader should refer to the chapter on pumps for more detailed calculation methods and for a description of common pumping equipment and pumping applications. The simple relationships provided here are useful in obtaining initial design specifications information in sizing a pump for an application. 

Figure 16-16 shows the performance characteristic of a split-shaft turbine where the only power output limitation is the maximum allowable temperature at the inlet of the turbine section. In actual practice a torque limit, increased exhaust temperature, loss of turbine efficiency, aud/or a lubrication problem on the driven equipment usually preclude operating at very low power turbine speeds. The useful characteristic of the split-shaft engine is its ability to supply a more or less constant horsepower output over a wide range of power turbine speeds. The air compressor essentially sets a power level and the output shaft attains a speed to pnivide the required torque balance. Compressors, pumps, and various mechanical tinvc systems make very good applications for split-shaft designs. 

Compressors and Expanders Selection and Application for the Process Industry, Heinz P. Bloch, Joseph A. Cameron, Frank M. Danowski, Jr., Ralph James, Jr., Judson S. Swearingen, and Marilyn E. Weightman Metering Pumps Selection and Application, James P. Poynton Hydrocarbons from Methanol, Clarence D. Chang Form Flotation Theory and Applications, Ann N. Clarke and David J. Wilson... 

The primary pump types for the chemical industry for horizontal and vertical inline applications have been standardized in ANSI B-123, ANSI Std B73.1M for horizontal end suction centrifugal pumps, and ANSI B73.2M for vertical inline centrifugal pumps. The standards are in a continuous process of upgrading to suit requirements of industry and the manufacturers. The API-610 standard is primarily a heavy duty application, such as is used for the refinery and chemical industry requirements. This is the only true world pump [21] standard, although the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is studying such an improved design [20]. 

The pump selected for this application (water boiling at 0.98 psia) must have a required NPSH less than 4.7 ft, preferably about 3 to 3.5 ft. This is a difficult condition. If possible the vessel should be elevated to make more head (S) available, which wll raise the available NPSH. 

Electric motors in pump application never run at the standard rotative design speeds noted above, but rotate at about (with some deviation) 3450, 1750, and 1150 rpm, which are the speeds diat most pump manufacturers use for their performance curves. If the higher numbers were used (motor designated or name plate) for pump performance rating, the pumps would not meet the expected performance, because the motors would not be actually rotating fast enough to provide the characteristic performance curves for the specific size of impeller. 

In applications where the liquid is used directly by one or more system components, the contribution of these components to the total system head may be difficult to calculate. In some cases, the vendor s manual or the original design documentation will provide this information. If these data are not available, then the friction losses and back pressure need to be measured or an over-capacity pump selected for service based on a conservative estimate. 

Important applications for titanium have been developed in processes involving acetic acid, malic acid, amines, urea, terephthalic acid, vinyl acetate, and ethylene dichloride. Some of these represent large scale use of the material in the form of pipework, heat exchangers, pumps, valves, and vessels of solid, loose lined, or explosion clad construction. In many of these the requirement for titanium is because of corrosion problems arising from the organic chemicals in the process, the use of seawater or polluted cooling waters, or from complex aggressive catalysts in the reaction. 

Here Tc is the temperature of the cooling reservoir, i.e. the surroundings, while Th is the temperature of the process, i.e. the temperature of combustion. The Carnot efficiency is applicable for conventional heat pump engines. Efficiencies of more than 100 % correspond to converting heat from the surroundings into electricity and is only of academic interest, as is the high efficiency listed in Tab. 8.10. 

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