Design for speed

An alternative to sequential docking can be followed if combinatorial libraries are evaluated. Quite a few programs have been specifically designed for speed-up by so-called combinatorial docking. They profit from the structured, incremental nature of combinatorial libraries and the fact that molecules of a combinatorial library consist of a common core. This core is assumed to form common specific interactions with the receptor (possibly supported by experimental evidence) and can thus be prepositioned in the binding pocket in one or a few similar orientations. It then serves as skeleton for the addition of substituents. Obviously, this step is ideally suited for incremental construction algorithms (361)... 

Classical methods of final measurement will long continue to be important. In the first place, they are inherently simple. For an occasional determination or standardization the use of a titration or gravimetric determination often will require the least time and effort and will involve no investment in expensive equipment. Second, classical methods are accurate. Many instrumental methods are designed for speed or sensitivity rather than accuracy, and often must be calibrated by classical methods. 

The set of 2C simultaneous equations is nonlinear and fairly complex since it involves calculating fugacities and enthalpies, themselves nonlinear functions of the temperature, pressure, and composition. The equations may be solved simultaneously or by some iterative method, tn general, the computational methods depend on which two variables are selected as the independent variables. Although in principle any two independent variables may be fixed, the problem complexity may vary from case to case. It is found, for instance, that a solution is more readily reached if P and Trather than P and Q are the independent variables. Since most of these calculations are carried out on computers, the solution methods should be designed for speed of convergence and reliability. Several methods have been proposed for handling the different types of flash calculations, some of which are discussed herewith. 

MACCS substructure keys on the other hand encode the presence of a predefined set of relevant 2D fragments, originally designed for speeding up database substructure searching [48,49] by eliminating those compounds from detailed consideration that can-... 

Obviously, the sensors above are fabricated relatively complicatedly, because most sensors need multiple steps of modification, label, or separation. These steps might display their advantages, such as high selectivity and sensitivity, but still not avoid the defaults that label usually faces. As a matter of fact, most electrochemical aptasensors have been designed for speed and simplicity, which exemplify the inherent advantages of electrochemistry. Hence, most electrochemical aptasensors reported are generally simpler. 

Since 1 January 2003 and after its official start-up, the magnetic suspension railway Transrapid has connected downtown Shanghai with the airport. A new railway track was built especially for this rail vehicle technology. The Transrapid is designed for speeds of 430 km/h and covers a distance of 60 km in approximately 8 min, thus shortening the travel time by 32 min (80%). High performance adhesives enable the front module of Transrapid to fimction (Fig. 5). 

This chapter has described the design and implementation of CSTEP, the Workbench scheduling tool. CSTEP was designed for speed and flexibility and supports scheduling with resource constraints and interface timing constraints. 

These controUed-access projects featured generally straight alignment, relatively level gradients, and wide shoulders and had two lanes in both directions separated by a median. They were designed for speeds up to 70 miles per hour and would have accommodated heavy trucks. 

An extraction plant should operate at steady state in accordance with the flow-sheet design for the process. However, fluctuation in feed streams can cause changes in product quaUty unless a sophisticated system of feed-forward control is used (103). Upsets of operation caused by flooding in the column always force shutdowns. Therefore, interface control could be of utmost importance. The plant design should be based on (/) process control (qv) decisions made by trained technical personnel, (2) off-line analysis or limited on-line automatic analysis, and (J) control panels equipped with manual and automatic control for motor speed, flow, interface level, pressure, temperature, etc. 

Modem furniture pohshes are designed for a wide variety of surfaces, eg, plastics, metals, and synthetic and natural resin coatings. Furniture pohshes impart shine and provide protection from abrasion, marring, and spills. The formulations clean weU in many cases. In common with most other pohshes, furniture pohshes are characterized by ease and speed of apphcation and of buffing, and by either the absence of objectionable odors or the addition of pleasing ones. 

In earlier years, the windup speed was 275—375 mpm (m /min) with 0.5 kg of yam per bobbin. In the 1990s, winders are designed for 10—25-kg bobbins, two or more bobbins per winder, operating at speeds up to 6000 mpm, and equipped with automatic bobbin changers. 

The ICI cone—plate device is a simple, iaexpensive, one-speed iastmment designed for routine determination of paint viscosities at a shear rate comparable to that of bmshing or sprayiag (12, 000 at 60 H2 and 10, 000 at 50 H2) (180,181). The viscosity range at that shear rate is limited to 5-1000 mPa-s. A wider-angle cone allows measurement to 10, 000 mPa-s, but at a lower shear rate of 3, 000. A lower shear rate version (600 )... 

DP Speed Factor. Pumping-speed efficiency depends on trap, valve, and system design. For gases having velocities close to the molecular velocity of the DP top jet, system-area utilization factors of 0.24 are the maximum that can be anticipated eg, less than one quarter of the molecules entering the system can be pumped away where the entrance area is the same as the cross-sectional area above the top jet (see Fig. 4). The system speed factor can be quoted together with the rate of contamination from the pump set. Utilization factors of <0.1 for N2 are common. 

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