Methanol from hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons from Synthesis Gas and Methanol. Two very important catalytic processes in which hydrocarbons are formed from synthesis gas are the Sasol Eischer-Tropsch process, in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen obtained from coal gasification are converted to gasoline and other products over an iron catalyst, and the Mobil MTG process, which converts methanol to gasoline range hydrocarbons using ZSM-5-type 2eohte catalysts. 

Compressors and Expanders Selection and Application for the Process Industry, Heinz P. Bloch, Joseph A. Cameron, Frank M. Danowski, Jr., Ralph James, Jr., Judson S. Swearingen, and Marilyn E. Weightman Metering Pumps Selection and Application, James P. Poynton Hydrocarbons from Methanol, Clarence D. Chang Form Flotation Theory and Applications, Ann N. Clarke and David J. Wilson... 

As a constituent of synthesis gas, hydrogen is a precursor for ammonia, methanol, Oxo alcohols, and hydrocarbons from Fischer Tropsch processes. The direct use of hydrogen as a clean fuel for automobiles and buses is currently being evaluated compared to fuel cell vehicles that use hydrocarbon fuels which are converted through on-board reformers to a hydrogen-rich gas. Direct use of H2 provides greater efficiency and environmental benefits. ... 

Hydrocarbons from Methanol (Methanol to Gasoline MTG Process)... 

From a prachcal standpoint, formic acid or its salts are the least valuable reaction products. The energy content of formic acid upon its reverse oxidation to CO2 is insignificant, and its separation from the solutions is a labor-consuming process. At present, maximum effort goes into the search for conditions that would ensure purposeful (with high faradaic yields) synthesis of methanol, hydrocarbons, oxalic acid, and other valuable products. 

Based on in situ 13C NMR data, surface methoxy groups are reported to form hydrocarbons at temperatures of 523 K and above [273]. The authors have suggested that these hydrocarbons may contribute to the hydrocarbon pool that is established to participate in the catalytic reaction mechanism to form higher hydrocarbons from methanol. Other reactions with amines or halides have also been published [276]. 

The purity of the l,6-methano[10]annulene was shown by g.l.c. (SE-30 on kieselguhr, 150°) to be higher than 99%. Recrystallization of the hydrocarbon from methanol raises its melting point to 28-29°. 

Reindt and Hoffler [50] optimized parameters in the supercritical fluid extraction of polyaromatic hydrocarbons from soil. These workers used carbon dioxide -8% methanol for extraction and obtained 88-101% recovery of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the final high-performance liquid chromatography. 

Barnabas et al. [51] have discussed an experimental design approach for the extraction of polyaromatic hydrocarbons from soil using supercritical carbon dioxide. They studied 16 different polyaromatic hydrocarbons using pure carbon dioxide and methanol modified carbon dioxide. The technique is capable of determining down to lOOmg kgy1 polyaromatic hydrocarbons in soils. 

Hawthorne et al. [53] compared supercritical extraction with chlorodifluoromethane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide for the extraction of polychlorobiphenyls and polyaromatic hydrocarbons from soil. Chlorodifluoromethane provided the highest recoveries while methanol modified carbon dioxide gave a 90% recovery of polychlorobiphenyls from soil. 

A few LNG spill tests on organic liquids carried out at Conoco by Yang (1973) led to reproducible explosions. When saturated hydrocarbons from Cj through Cg (including many isomers) were used, immediate explosions were noted. Delays of 5 sec or longer were recorded before they occurred on methanol, acetone, or methyl ethyl ketone. Few or none were recorded for higher alcohols or for hydrocarbons above Cg (or benzene). 

The fresh very active acidic catalyst is not capable of forming hydrocarbons from methanol (and dimethylether). 

The role of the much discussed "primary reaction" of formation of a C2-hydrocarbon from methanol is then limited to producing a very small amount chemisorbed ethene during the incubation period. This C2 will react easily to C3 via alkylation with methanol. 

C. D. Chang, Hydrocarbons from Methanol, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1983. 

Another use for this set of curves is for estimating the azeotropic boiling point and composition at pressures other than atmospheric. Consider the azeotrope methanol-benzene. Since the vapor pressure curves of methanol and benzene are known, the difference in boiling point, A, can be obtained at any pressure. From this value of A and the C-A curve for methanol-hydrocarbons the azeotropic concentration C at that pressure can be determined. For example, the effect of pressure on the methanol-benzene azeotrope is shown in Table I. 

A plot of A as a function of C from this table is shown in Figure 6. The experimental data are represented by the five points while the smooth curve is identical with the methanol-hydrocarbon curve in Figure 1. 

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