Pulmonary system bronchitis

Probably the vanadium compound to which people are most likely to be exposed is vanadium pentoxide, V205. Exposure normally occurs via the respiratory route, and the pulmonary system is the most likely to suffer from vanadium toxicity. Bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia are the most common pathological effects of exposure skin and eye irritation may also occur. Severe exposure can also adversely affect the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and nervous system. 

Introduction and Statement of Problem. Current techniques to remove particulates in coal fired power plant flues are based on electrostatic precipitators, bag houses, cyclones and wet scrubbers. Typical collection efficiencies of such devices and the far less efficient cyclones are shown in Figure 1 (J,). Of interest is the fact that below 1 micrometer the efficiencies drop off rather precipitously. Work presented by Davies ( ), Figure 2, has shown that the human lower pulmonary system is unfortunately most efficient in absorbing and retaining particles in the 1 micrometer range. These particles are the primary cause of such respiratory ailments as bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer. 

ACUTE HEALTH RISKS irritation of eyes and respiratory system bronchitis severe breathing difficulties irritation of mucous membranes burning and irritation of skin pulmonary edema. 

Another major indication of the Simaroubaceae also focuses on the respiratoiy system, and Ailanthus altissima, A. excelsa, A. triphysa, Brucea antidysenterica, Hannoa klaineana. Quassia africana, Q. gabonensis, and Q. undulata are prescribed in case of serious pulmonary infections (bronchitis, asthma, cough,... 

The threshold limit value—time integrated average, TLV—TWA, of chlorine dioxide is 0.1 ppm, and the threshold limit value—short-term exposure limit, STEL, is 0.3 ppm or 0.9 mg /m of air concentration (87,88). Chlorine dioxide is a severe respiratory and eye irritant. Symptoms of exposure by inhalation include eye and throat irritation, headache, nausea, nasal discharge, coughing, wheezing, bronchitis, and delayed onset of pulmonary edema. Delayed deaths occurred in animals after exposure to 150—200 ppm for less than one hour. Rats repeatedly exposed to 10 ppm died after 10 to 13 days of exposure. Exposure of a worker to 19 ppm for an unspecified time was fatal. The ingested systemic effects of low concentration chlorine dioxide solutions are similar to that of chlorite. 

Sympathomimetics (drugs that mimic the sympathetic nervous system) are used primarily to treat reversible airway obstruction caused by bronchospasm associated with acute and chronic bronchial asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis (abnormal condition of the bronchial tree), or other obstructive pulmonary diseases. 

SYMPTOMS - After a 6 to 24 hour delay period there is tearing, burning of the sinuses ana throat, pulmonary edema (swelling of the heart), bronchitis, cerebral edema, drowsiness, and temporary blindness. Severely damages the lungs, kidneys, liver and contral nervous system. 

Respiratory system (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD emphysema, chronic bronchitis], acute obstructive lung disease [asthma], chronic restrictive lung disease [connective tissue lung disease])... 

While the respiratory system is well-equipped to defend against exposure to a vast array of toxic substances, the intricate cellular and molecular mechanisms designed to repair injured lung tissues often fail, resulting in a number of chronic lung diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, asthma, hypersensitivity pnuemonitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is a combination of bronchitis and emphysema. 

Respiratory toxicity Upper respiratory system (nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea) and the lower respiratory system (bronchi, bronchioles, and lung alveoli) Pulmonary irritation Asthma/bronchitis Emphysema Allergic alveolitis Fibrotic lung disease Lung cancer... 

SAFETY PROFILE A poison by inhalation. A very toxic gas whose effects are not completely understood. The chief effects are central nervous system depression and lung irritation. There may be pulmonary edema, dilation of the heart, and hyperemia of the visceral organs. Inhalation can cause coma and convulsions leading to death within 48 hours. However, most cases recover without after-effects. Chronic poisoning, characterized by anemia, bronchitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and visual, speech, and motor disturbances, may result from continued exposure to very low concentrations. 

More broadly, timolol therapy should be considered with caution in patients with any significant sign, symptom, or history for which systemic beta-blockade would be medically imwise.This includes disorders of cardiovascular or respiratory origin (e g., asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema) as well as many other conditions. Spirometric evaluation after institution of timolol therapy may help to identify patients in whom bronchospasm develops after commencement of therapy. In general, however, patients with asthma and other obstructive pulmonary diseases should avoid this drug. Sympathetic stimulation may be essential to support the circulation in individuals with diminished myocardial contractility, and its inhibition by P-adrenoceptor antagonists may precipitate more severe cardiac feilure. 

HUMAN HEALTH RISKS Acute risks irritation of eyes, skin and mucous membranes congestion in pharynx and trachea skin burns stenosis of upper respiratory system cornea damage polyps Chronic Risks chronic bronchitis bronchial constriction wheezing chemical pneumonitis pulmonary edema. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS increased risk of lung cancer decreased pulmonary function pneumonia bronchitis asthma liver and kidney damage effects on gastrointestinal and immune systems effects on the blood contact dermatitis skin ulcerations sensitivity nasal itching and soreness complications during pregnancy and childbirth chromate salts are suspected carcinogens. 

ACUTE HEALTH RISKS irritation of skin, eyes, and respiratory system nausea coughing pulmonary edema pulmonary congestion violent sneezing burning sensation in throat difficulty in breathing bronchitis. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS pulmonary vascular resistance changes chronic bronchitis reproductive effects target organs eyes, respiratory system, cardiovascular system. 

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