Public Utilities

ANTTBIOTTCS - NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES] (Vol 3) PURPA. See Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act. 

The element of p.f. mainly affects the secondary distribution system which serves industries, agriculture, public utilities and domestic loads. Most of them are highly inductive and result in lowering the system p.f. These loads are largely responsible for most of the distribution losses and voltage fluctuations at the consumer end. In developing countries it is estimated that useful power is lost mainly due to transmission and distribution losses. In India, for instance, it is estimated to result in a loss of about 18-20% of the total useful povver, most of which occurs at the secondary distribution attributable to low p.f.s. 

Founded in 1971, COST is an intergovernmental framework for European cooperation in the field of scientific and technical research, allowing the coordination of nationally funded research on a European level. COST actions cover basic and precompetitive research as well as activities of public utility. 

Other notable adopters of energy codes are the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Defense, and public utilities. 

Krause, F., and Eto, J. 1988. Least-Cost Utility Planning, A Handbook for Public Utility Commissioners, The Demand Side Conceptual and Methodological Issues. Washington, DC National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners. 

At the federal level. Congress passed the National Energy Act of 1978, which was composed of five different statutes (1) the Public Utilities Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA), (2) the National Energy Tax Act, (3) the National Energy Conseiwation Policy... 

For most of the twentieth century, LDCs, either investor owned or municipally owned, have had exclusive rights or franchises to distribute gas in specified geographic areas. Regardless of ownership, LDCs are regulated, either by state public utility/service commissions or local government agencies, to assure adequate gas supply, dependable service and reasonable prices for consumers. 

Fnx-Penner, P. (1997). Eleccric Utility Restriictming A Guide to the Competitive Era. Vienna, VA Public Utilities Repnrts. 

Phillips, C. F., Jr. (1993). The Regulation of Public Utilities. Ai lington, VA Public Utilities Reports. 

Parsons adopted this multistage design to reduce turbine operating speeds to a useful level. His initial turbine was developed to produce electricity onboard ships and had an output of about 7 kW. In 1888 he designed the first steam turbine generating unit for public utility sei-vicc. By the time of his death in 1931, his company manufactured turbines generating more than. 30,000 kW. 

Reliance on forcing consumers to subsidize is hardly unique to German coal. U.S. public utility regulation long has required unequal pricing among consumers. Historically, emphasis was on rates that caused industrial and commercial users to subsidize residential users. This has encouraged industrial customers to secure rate reforms. These are equity measures that are subject to the criticisms stated above. 

The electricity mdustiy is m the midst of a transition from a vertically integrated and regulated monopoly to an entity in a competitive market where retail customers choose the suppliers of their electricity. The change started in 1978, when the Public Utility Regulatoiy Act (PURPA) made it possible for nonutility power generators to enter the wholesale market. 

Perhaps the Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) of 1978 was the initial formal driving force for change. The introduction of nonntility gen-... 

U.S. Congress passes Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA). This law requires utilities to purchase electricity from qualified independent power producers. Portions of the act helped stimulate growth... 

Hydrazine was first developed in Germany and became the international product of choice in the late 1940s, during World War II. It was first used in a public utility in the United States in 1950 (Duke Power Company, Charlotte, NC). 

The development of this reaction over the subsequent 50 years placed it, along with the Rh(II) variant, as the method of choice for the catalytic cyclopropanation of alkenes. A number of reviews have recently appeared detailing the advances in cyclopropanation (5-10). This reaction remains one of the most recognizable copper-catalyzed asymmetric transformations as evidenced by the plethora of publications utilizing it as a testing ground for new ligands. 

Public materials standards, 25 743 Public, protection of, 22 827-828 Public sanitation, soap and, 22 755, 756 Public sector aquaculture, 3 182-183 Public Utilities Commission, 6 828 Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), 22 533-534 PUC19 plasmid vector, 22 501, 502 Puccinnia chondrillina, 13 347 Puffer fish poison, 5 822 Puffing, 22 722, 740... 

K. T. Lau, Alberta Boilers Safety Association R. G. Marini, New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission... 

They are supported by federal solar power tax credits along with California s Public Utilities Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) contracts and renewable power subsidies. When these tax credits were interrupted for eleven months in 1991, the plants operator, LUZ, immediately went bankrupt then SEGS, an Israeli government corporation, took over operation. 

Cogeneration is an energy conversion process wherein heat from a fuel is simultaneously converted to useful thermal energy (e.g., process steam) and electric energy. The need for either form can be the primary incentive for cogeneration, but there must be opportunity for economic captive use or sale of the other. In a chemical plant the need for process and other heating steam is likely to be the primary in a public utility plant, electricity is the usual primary product. 

The Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities in Utah installed a 360-kW unit to treat tetrachloroethene (PCE) in drinking water. The capital investment for the project was 450,000 (1998 dollars). Operating costs for the system were less than 0.20 per 1000 gal of treated water (D197211, p. 1). 

Public Utility, Gig Harbor, WA (gasoline station)— 38/yd total project cost 13,300 for 350 yd of soil... 

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