Methodological issues

In recent years, the three-level system of NDT experts certification, which corresponds to the EN 473, is being introduced m Ukraine The unified Rules of NDT Experts Certification will be introduced in the near future. This work is headed by the State Committee of Ukraine on Labour Safety), and with the aim of the most expedient transition to EN 473, the National Certification Committee of Ukraine on NDT was established by the initiative of US NDT TD. The Committee has the tasks of preparing the programs, procedures, questionnaires for carrying out the certification. It is a non-profit organisation which is in charge of the methodological issues of certification m the US NDT TD. 

Krause, F., and Eto, J. 1988. Least-Cost Utility Planning, A Handbook for Public Utility Commissioners, The Demand Side Conceptual and Methodological Issues. Washington, DC National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners. 

A scientific theory T (in conjunction with accepted auxiliary assumptions) deductively entails some empirical sentence e e is, moreover, true (or, rather, accepted as true on the basis of experiment or observation). Does the extent to which this success lends confirmation or support to T depend on whether e describes some state of affairs that was unknown at the time of Ts articulation or instead on whether it describes some already well known state of affairs The methodological issue of whether, roughly speaking, successful prediction counts more for a theory than successful accommodation formed a celebrated part of the debate between William Whewell and John Stuart Mill. The latter, while allowing that successful predictions were well calculated to impress the ignorant vulgar , expressed utter... 

Arnold R, Kotsanos J. Proceedings of the Advisory Panel Meeting and Conference on Pharmacoeconomic Issues Panel 3 Methodological issues in conducting pharmacoeconomic evaluations-retrospective and claims database studies. Value Health 1999 2 82-7. 

Grossman, E., Some methodological issues in the conduct of caffeine research, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 22, 245, 1984. 

Shapiro, D and Oakley, M., Methodological issues in the evaluation of drug behavioral interactions in the treatment of hypertension. Psychosomatic Medicine 51(3), 269-276, 1989. 

Gatsonis and Needleman (1992) identified a different set of statistical and methodological issues that have contributed to the inconsistencies (1) selection of adequate markers of exposure or internal dose,... 

Bellinger DC, Leviton A, Watemaux C, et al. 1985b. Methodological issues in modeling the relationship between low-level lead exposure and infant development Examples from the Boston lead study. EnvironRes38 119-129. 

LCI, where the system is quantified in a strict format of linked processes. Each process is described in terms of the physical inputs and outputs, both economic (raw materials, materials, products) and environmental (extractions from and emissions to the environment). Out of the total, an ecological profile is compiled listing and adding up all extractions and emissions of the system. An important methodological issue is allocation how to deal with multi-output processes This issue is especially important when dealing with waste management processes and will be dealt with below. 

There are both data issues, and methodological issues to deal with when assessing additives in LCA. 

Moller H-J (2000). Definition, psychopharmacological basis and clinical evaluation of novel/ atypical neuroleptics Methodological issues and clinical consequences. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 1, 75-91. 

Chaix-Couturier, C., I. Durand-Zaleski, D. Jolly and P. Durieux (2000), Effects of financial incentives on medical practice results from a systematic review of the literature and methodological issues , International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 12, 133M2. 

Assessing the effect of the intestinal metabolism in the Peff as a membrane transport rate parameter is a methodological issue [7, 26, 34, 35, 49]. An evaluation of its influence has to include a study to establish which enzyme(s) is (are) involved and the site of metabolism in relation to the site of the measurements. Intracellular metabolism in the enterocyte, for instance by CYP 3A4 and di- and tri-... 

Lin SS, Kelsey JL. Use of Race and Ethnicity in Epidemiologic Research Concepts, Methodological Issues, and Suggestions for Research. Epidemiol Rev 2001 22 187-202. 

Hektoen, L., Larsen, S., Odegaard, S.A. and Loken, T. (2004), Comparison of homeopathy, placebo and antibiotic treatment of clinical mastitis in dairy cows - methodological issues and results from a randomized-clinical trial. Journal of Veterinary Medicine A Physiology, Pathology and Clinical Medicine, 51, 439-446. 

D. Faraggi and A. Kramar, Some methodological issues associated with tumour marker development biostatistical aspects. Urol. Oncol. 5, 211-213 (2000). 

Keshavan, M. S., Stanley, J. A., Pettegrew, J. W. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in schizophrenia methodological issues and findings — part II. Biol. Psychiat. 48 369-380, 2000. 

Because of the many decisions regarding inclusion or exclusion of studies, different meta-analyses might reach very different conclusions on the same topic. Even after the studies are chosen, there are many other methodologic issues in choosing how to combine means and variances (e.g., what weighting methods should be used). Pooled analysis should report both relative risks and risk reductions as well as absolute risks and risk reductions (Sinclair and Bracken, 1994). 

Smekens, K. E. L., De Feber, M. A. P. C. and Seebregts, A. J. (2002). Learning in clusters methodological issues and lock-out effects. International Energy Workshop. EMF/IIASA, 18-20 June 2002, Stanford University. 

Fried PA. (1995b). The Ottawa Prenatal Prospective Study (OPPS) methodological issues and findings—it s easy to throw the baby out with the bath water. Life Sci. 56(23-24) 2159-68. 

Wert RC, Raulin ML. (1986). The chronic cerebral effects of cannabis use I. Methodological issues and neurological findings. Int J Addict. 21(6) 605-28. 

I will refer to the analyses based on these sources collectively as the fact book coding and analysis (FCA) portion of the Evergreen studies. It is believed that these analyses represent the largest exploration of text-based secondary source information concerning the causes of firm performance to date. Furthermore, they are based on data sources that have generally not been drawn upon by organizational researchers because of the formidable methodological issues that have to be confronted and addressed for their utilization. 

Kalman D (2002) The subjective effects of nicotine methodological issues, a review of experimental studies, and recommendations for future research. Nicotine Tob Res 4 25-70 Katz JL, Goldberg SR (1988) Preclinical assessment of abuse liability of drugs. Agents Actions 23 18-26... 

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