Protocols standardized

Solutions. Correction for cXjj is most often made using a standard-sample bracketing technique (e g., Galy et al. 2001). In this protocol, standard and sample isotope ratios obtained by multiple measurement cycles are compared and the sample result expressed as a deviation from the standard. Cross contamination between the sample and the standard is avoided by washing the analytical instrumentation with dilute (usually about O.IN) HNO3 for several minutes between analyses. Introduction of Mg in dilute HNO3 (e.g., 0. IN) into the MC-ICPMS... 

The threshold values are test-specific. In this recommended test battery all specific threshold values are part of the protocols standardized by DEV, DIN, or ISO. The choice of different threshold values can alter the pT-values measured in a single bioassay and finally the pT-index measured within a test battery. 

The general objective, principle, and scope of application of the pT-method are succinctly described in Section 1 and also reported elsewhere in this book (see Chapter 3 of this volume, Section 5.1), where readers will appreciate that this hazard assessment scheme is adaptable to both liquid and solid media. Briefly recalled here in the context of solid-media samples such as dredged material, the pT-value, which relates to a single bioassay, and the pT-index, derived from the most sensitive organism in a test battery, permit a numerical classification of environmental samples on the basis of ecotoxicological principles. Sediment from any aquatic ecosystem (freshwater, brackish, marine) and from any of its phases (whole sediment, porewaters, elutriates or organic extracts) can be appraised provided that the proper standardized toxicity tests are available. There are whole-sediment test protocols standardized for many agencies (e.g., Environment Canada, ASTM). 

Good laboratory practice (GLP) A system of protocols (standard operating procedures) recommended to be followed so as to avoid the production of unreliable and erroneous data. Accurate record keeping and careful forethought in the design of the study are important aspects of GLP. 

The very successful application of organometallic compounds in stereoselective C-C bondforming reactions over the last 20 years has raised the question as to whether C-N bonds could also be formed in a stereoselective way via a related protocol. Standard methods have been evaluated for the preparation of a vast number of (chiral) carbon nucleophiles RM. The problem, however, is the right choice of nitrogen electrophile which compounds are best suited for this purpose ... 

Over the past couple of years the open-source movement has been rallying around Linus Torvalds and his Linux OS. Linux is a Unix-type operating system that has been released into the public domain and is being developed as an operating system standard, much as TCP/IP is a protocol standard. There are a number of computer users who are uncomfortable with Microsoft s dominance of the... 

Ten years later, a pair of Directives extended the provisions of 65/65. Directive 75/318 defined testing and protocol standards, while Directive 75/319 introduced the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) and what is now known as the mutual recognition procedure (MRP) for MA (see below). Nine years later, the structure of the CPMP was adjusted by Regulation 726/2004, and now forms the CHMP (see below). These three fundamental Directives represent the basis of pharmaceutical regulation that is common to the whole of Europe the creation of the EMEA in 1995 (by Regulation 2309/93, two years earlier) provided the machinery that implements these Directives. 

For operationally defined parameters (e.g. extractable forms of elements using a specific extraction method), results are obviously linked to the methods used, which hence requires that these methods are standardized if comparability of data has to be ensured. This justifies standard methods for these parameters to be made mandatory. In this context, given that analytical results are directly linked to the analytical protocol, standard methods will represent a key element in the traceability chain. In other words, the traceability chain is broken if the protocol is not strictly followed (Quevauviller, 2004b). 

In the past, process control systems have been based on proprietary computer platforms, acting as "islands of information" from which production reports were printed out and stored as part of the critical production information. This situation is rapidly changing as most process control systems now operate on open standard platforms that are much easier to integrate. Recent development in control communication protocol standards has made such system integration even easier. Nevertheless, many process control systems currently used have been in operation for many years, leaving companies with the challenge of interfacing these proprietary systems in order to release the benefits of paperless operation. 

Spatial distribution of elements . Mapping the spatial distribution of elements across land surfaces provides important information on soil chemistry, pollution and transport of nutrient and toxic elements through the soil. In this instance large numbers of analyses are frequently required so analytical techniques must be rapid and protocols standardized to cope with a wide range of sample matrices. 

Wide Area Networks. A wide area network is one that generally covers a large geographic area and in which each pair of computers connect via a single line. The first wide area networks consisted of a number of connected mainframes with attached terminals. By connecting the mainframes, a user on one system could access applications on every networked computer. IBM developed the Systems Network Architecture (SNA), which was a popular early wide area network in the United States. The X.25 packet switching protocol standard provided a common architecture for the early wide area networks in Europe. Later,... 

Change legislation to give hse the authority to direct all local authority health and safety inspection and enforcement activity, in order to ensure that it is consistent and targeted towards the most risky workplaces. Clarify and restate the original intention of the pre-action protocol standard disclosure list and review regulatory provisions that impose strict liability by June 2013 and either qualify them as reasonably practicable where strict liability is not absolutely necessary or amend them to prevent civil liability from attaching to a breach of those provisions. 

A-22. Operational experience may be regarded as statistically based evidence complementary to validation, or to the verification of system software (operating systems, communication protocols, standard functions [A-2, E3, Statistical Approaches]). 

Reference to Written Guidance for Repetitive Tasks While each project may be imique, many tasks in projects are typically repetitive, that is, they appear in many projects. Written guidance goes by many other names such as best practices, bulletins, checklists, guidelines, mini-manuals (Galler 2009), protocols, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and templates (for memos, letters. 

Standard PROFINET lO protocol standard PROFINET lO protocol ... 

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