Toxicity standards

OSHA TLV toxicity standard, for organotin compounds, 24 831 Oslo crystalizer, 8 139 OSME method, 11 520-521 Osmitrol, 5 169... 

The first Pohsh toxicity standards were elaborated more than 25 years ago [202] ... 

Keywords Medicinal plants, safety, toxicity, standardized herbal formulations. 

FFS form-fill-seal FSTS Fire, Smoke, and Toxicity Standard... 

If data on a sufficient number and diversity of organisms are available, a final chronic value for a particular toxicant may be calculated in the same way that final acute values are determined. In practice, however, there are seldom sufficient data to allow a direct graphical estimation of the toxicant concentration that would exert a chronic stress on no more than 5% of the species in the system. In such cases an acute toxicity standard is established on the basis of an adequate amount of short-term toxicity tests, and an average acute/chronic toxicity ratio is then calculated on the basis of a smaller amount of information. The rationale for this procedure is that for a given pollutant the acute/chronic ratio is likely to be more constant between species than is the chronic or sublethal stress level itself Hence less information is required to estimate the acute/chronic ratio. The chronic toxicity standard is established by dividing the acute toxicity standard by the so-called final acute/chronic ratio. The EPA considers this procedure acceptable if acute/chronic ratios are available for at least three species and (a) at least one of the species is a fish, (b) at least one is an invertebrate, and (c) at least one is an acutely sensitive fi eshwater species or saltwater species when the ratio is being used to establish freshwater or marine criteria, respectively. 

Toxicity Standard chemical analysis is used to identifying the individual products of combustion. The combined biological effects of the toxic compounds are then predicted using criteria such as animal exposure tests. 

On Dec. 21, EPA issued the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards, the first national standards to protect American families from power plant emissions of mercury and toxic air pollution such as arsenic, acid gas, nickel, selenium, and cyanide. 

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