Project Inclusion

An alternative to assimilation is to make clear to students that they may cross the sociological border into science with their cultural identity both intact and, perhaps, valued. This is a specific goal of the work of Middlecamp and Subramaniam (1999). Within the biological sciences, including gender as a specific component of course content is a more obvious move than in chemistry (Birke 2001). There are more studies in which a connection of chemistry to sociology occurs through the lens of race and ethnicity, for example, in the Project Inclusion work of Hayes and Perez (1997) and the multicultural examples developed by Middlecamp and Fernandez (1999). 

Hayes, J. and P. Perez (1997) Project inclusion Native American plant dyes. Chem. Herit. 75(1), 38-40. 

CDIO programs should provide support for faculty members to improve their own competence in personal and interpersonal skills, and product, process, and system building skills as described in the Syllabus. The nature and scope of faculty development varies with the resources and intentions of each program and institution. Examples of actions that enhance faculty competence include professional leave to work in industry, partnerships with industry colleagues in research and education projects, inclusion of engineering practice as a criterion for hiring and promotion, and appropriate professional development experiences at the university. Enhancement of faculty competence in professional skills related to the CDIO Syllabus is the focus of Standard 9. 

Hayes J, Perez P (1997) Project inclusion native American plant dyes. (Chemical Heritage 15(1) 38 0... 

Comparison of the measurements with the microdensitometers and the algorithms of calculation inclusive the filter function and the accuracy of measurement of all project partners. 

Fig. 3. Computer projections of P-cyclodextfin inclusion complexes of (a) (R)-propranolol and (b) (3)-piopianolol from x-ray crystallographic data. Dotted lines represent potential hydrogen bonds (see text). The configurations shown represent the optimal orientation of each isomer on the basis of the highest...

The case studies that follow have mainly come from live product development projects in industry. Whilst not all case studies require the methodology to predict an absolute capability, a common way of applying CA is by evaluating and comparing a number of design schemes and selecting the one with the most acceptable performance measure, either estimated Cp, assembly risk or failure cost. In some cases, commercial confidence precludes the inclusion of detailed drawings of the components used in the analyses. CA has been used in industry in a number of different ways. Some of these are discussed below ... 

Equipment code designations can be developed to suit the particular process, or as is customary a master coding can be established and followed for all projects. A suggested designation list (not all inclusive for all processes) for the usual process plant equipment is given in Table 1-2 and process functions in Table 1-3. 

In contrast,Chapter 11 looks at the very recent introduction of computer-based multimedia technologies into chemical education as a way of forging macro/sub-micro/symbolic links. Chiu and Wu discuss the value of such approaches as, respectively, a modelling tool, a learning tool, an assessment tool and an instructional tool. Their thesis is given added weight by the inclusion of results from classroom development and evaluation projects. 

An area of development is the inclusion of code necessary for free energy perturbation calculations for internal, van der Waals and electrostatic energy terms ( ). Another area of development is the option to use lookup tables for both nonbond energies and for constraint energy terms such as a solvent boundary energy term (16). Other features and options are routinely added as needed to aid in the execution of current projects underway within the NIH. 

In those cases where there are any doubts about the feasibility of producing a sufficiently homogeneous and stable reference material, a feasibility study might be needed. For this study, an extra amount of material is needed. Questions regarding the best way of preparing the sample, the stability of the material, or the fitness for purpose might justify the inclusion of a feasibility study in the project. In the BCR projects, it is common practice to have a feasibility study, which usually has as the sole purpose of assessing the performance of the laboratories in the collaborative study in relation to the certification of the reference material. The feasibility study allows the participants to fine-tune their equipment, their methods, and their procedures in view of the characterization measurements. In each of these cases, a considerable extra number of samples is needed. 

If the program continues and additional reductions are desired, more expensive and more complex projects begin to emerge (Phase II). These are often associated with equipment modifications, process modifications and process control and may include the addition or adaptation of auxiliary equipment for simple source treatment, possibly for recycle. This phase usually has little immediate ROI, and more inclusive approaches to assessing the economics of the operation (estimating costs for waste handling, long-term liability, risk) are needed to justify the continued pollution-prevention operation. 

Fig 1. Stereographic projection of the crystal structure of the 2 1 inclusion compound between CS2 and cavitand 1. One CS2 ( guest ) molecule is encapsulated within the host cavity, the second CS2 ( solvent ) being located between the complexed entities (taken from Ref.27>)... 

Fig. 31. Approximation of van der Waals cross-sections of inclusion channels in 1 alcohol clathrates21 (dimensions are in A hatched regions represent O atoms of the host matrix continous solid lines indicate surfaces of apolar attribute) (a) 1 MeOH (1 2) (approximately parallel to the 0(I -Cul vectors, cf. Fig. 17a) (b) 1 2-PrOH (1 2) (orientation as before) (c) 1 2-BuOH (1 1) (through a center of symmetry at 1,1/2,1/2, cf. Fig. 30c non-zero electron density contours) (d) 1 ethylene glycol (1 1) (in the plane of the C—C single bonds of a guest molecule, indicated by projected stick models non-zero electron density contours)...

Fig. 14. The Vh-amylose polyiodide inclusion compound shown as a simplified projection on the a, b plane. Guest water molecules are shown as filled circles in the interstitial sites. The guest polyiodide chains are situated inside the helical amylose chains and their cross-sections are shown here as stippled circles...

Until recently, most studies performed within the Ebro River have been site-specific or focused on a single chemical family [20-24]. However, little is known about the concentration and patterns of a wide spectrum of priority contaminants in the whole Ebro aquatic ecosystem. The inclusion of the Ebro river basin into the European Union (EU) project AquaTerra (contract no. 505428) led to a more complete study concerning the entire river basin, various environmental matrices (sediments and two fish species) and five different chemical families... 

As a continuation of the extensive monitoring of persistent organic pollutants that was started with the inclusion of the Ebro river basin in the EU Project AquaTerra, a new monitoring programme has been started in 2010. The Ebro river basin has been included as a representative Mediterranean watershed in a new project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation included in the programme Consolider... 

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