Processing plants equipment

The copolymer is safer to use in most process plant equipment where... 

The thermosetting plastics—phenolics, polyesters and epoxies—are used at higher temperatures (about 150°C) and pressures than thermoplastics. They are finding ever increasing applications for process plant equipment. 

Chlorinated rubber paints and vinyl paints have excellent resistance to high concentrations of acids and alkalis at temperatures up to 80°C. High-build chlorinated rubber paints, which give a thickness of 0.12 mm per coat are commonly used for process plant equipment. 

Equipment code designations can be developed to suit the particular process, or as is customary a master coding can be established and followed for all projects. A suggested designation list (not all inclusive for all processes) for the usual process plant equipment is given in Table 1-2 and process functions in Table 1-3. 

Preventive measures are those activities aimed at reducing the frequency of event occurrence. In the case of process plant explosions and fires, preventive measures will have additional benefits, including reduction in risk to the process plant equipment, and reduced property damage and business interruption costs. 

Continual monitoring of equipment and plant is standard practice in chemical process plants. Equipment deteriorates and operating conditions may change. Repairs sometimes are made with improvements whose ultimate effects on the operation may not be taken into account. During start-up and shut-down, stream compositions and operating conditions are much different from those under normal operation, and their possible effect on safety must be taken into account. Sample checklists of safety questions for these periods are in Table 1.7. 

For a stand-alone system the computer system normally undergoes factory acceptance testing at the supplier s premises, and as with associated instrumentation and regulating devices is shipped to the site, inspected, and where applicable is stored and then installed with the manufacturing process/plant equipment. 

Contaminants introduced during processing including atmospheric oxygen and metallic ions released from the processing plant equipment... 

The mechanical integrity focus of this section covers stationary existing chemical processing plant equipment and piping. Equipment includes storage tanks, pressure vessels, dryers, heat exchangers, reactors, incinerators, columns, filters, knock-out pots, and so forth. As previously stated, this section assumes the equipment is designed and fabricated to... 

G. A. Akin, H. P. Kackenmaster, R. J. Schrader, J. W. Strohecker, and R. E. Tate, Chemical Processing Plant Equipment Electromagnetic Separation Process, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, National Nuclear Energy Series, Div. I, Vol. 12, TlD-5232, U.S. AEC Technical Information Service, 1950. 

Continuous, steady-state operation is often regarded as the ideal procedure for many types of process plant equipment, but this is not always true for crystallization processes. Batch operation often offers considerable advantages, such as simplicity of equipment and minimization of encrustation on heat-exchanger surfaces. In many cases, only a batch crystallizer can produce the required crystal form, size distribution, or purity. On the other hand, the operating costs of a batch system can be significantly higher than those of a comparable continuous unit, and problems of product variation from batch to batch may be encountered. 

There are many of empirical instruments which may measure bulk powder characteristics, which affects the behaviour of powders in processing plants. And some of these empirical laboratory instruments have now been commercialised. However, the sophistication of instrumentation available for the measurement of bulk powder properties in real time is not as advanced as the instruments currently used to measure particle size on a micro- or nano-scale. The phenomenon of flow of a powder out of any orifice or from a specified piece of process plant equipment should be unambiguously termed rate of powder flow and not confused with the bulk powder property of flowability which can be used discriminate the handabil-ity of bulk powders and may eventually contribute to enhance the rate of powder flow. 

Experimental techniques for measuring mixing can be broadly divided into two categories those that are performed in a laboratory, and those measurements that are performed in actual process plant equipment. The instrumentation and techniques used in each type of measurement are often different, although they can be based on very similar principles. 

Reciprocating gas engines suffer from a few disadvantages that must be considered when selecting process plant equipment ... 

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