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Product life cycle purchasing

Cost-effectiveness [20] A mixture of quantitative and qualitative considerations. It includes the health priorities of the country or region at the macroassessment level and the community needs at the institution microassessment level. Product life cycle cost analysis (which, in turn, includes initial purchase price, shipping, renovations, installation, supplies, associated disposables, cost per use, and similar quantitative measures) is a critical analysis measure. Life cycle cost also takes into account staff training, ease of use, service, and many other cost factors. But experience and judgment about the relative importance of features and the ability to fulfill the intended purpose also contribute critical information to the cost-effectiveness equation. [Pg.788]

Consumer goods can be divided into two categories durables and nondurables. Consumer durables include household appliances, power tools, lawn and garden equipment, recreational goods, toys, etc. This market segment is widely diversified, with some very profitable niche opportunities. The downside of business in consumer durables is that the product life cycles are often short and many applications are highly price sensitive. While most of this market is national, the great majority of end users purchase not only from suppliers in the three North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA) countries—the United States, Canada, and Mexico—but internationally, particularly China. Many processors and material suppliers have followed these users overseas in order to serve their customer more effectively than is possible from a firm sited only in the United States. [Pg.40]

A useful example of sustainable design comes from BASF, and their development of the eco-efficiency tool. This tool seeks to integrate the combined aspects of each of the three pillars in an attempt to quantify the most sustainable products and illustrates some of the concerns associated with evaluating sustainable products. For example, the economic analysis includes a total cost of ownership that goes beyond the purchase price of a product to incorporate the cost of operation, the cost of environmental health and safety, and the cost of labour. Thus, even though a product may have a lower purchase price, it may be more expensive to use and thus costlier over the total life cycle of the product. [Pg.3]

Some of the steps in the validation fife cycle will not be needed in some validation projects. For instance, the use of preferred suppliers for software and hardware products or services removes the need for repeated supplier appraisal and selection. Life-cycle steps, however, cannot be eliminated for packaged systems with embedded computer system systems purchased from, or subcontracted to, a vendor. The degree of redundancy in the life-cycle model used for validating existing computer system systems will be specified in the Validation Master Plan. [Pg.62]

The manufacturing department ships the product in accordance with manufacturing guidelines, based on the receipt of valid purchase orders. The product documentation includes a Declaration of System Validation with statements from Hewlett-Packard that the software was developed and tested according to the Hewlett-Packard Analytical Software Life Cycle, a process that has been certified for ISO 9001 quality standard and for the information technology quality system (ITQS) compliance and that has been inspected by representatives from both computer validation companies and the pharmaceutical industry. [Pg.30]

As far as possible, systems existing in a production mode prior to the effective date of the GALP standards, as well as purchased systems, should be documented in the same way as systems developed in accordance with the EPA System Design and Development Guidance and Section 7.9.2 of the GALPs. Documentation relevant to certain phases of the system life cycle, such as validation, change control, acceptance testing, and maintenance, should be similar for all systems. [Pg.143]

It is the responsibility of the pharmaceutical company to ensure that the products and services that are purchased are fit for their intended purpose. This should be achieved through auditing of the life-cycle development for bespoke products and adherence to quality procedures for services. [Pg.319]

The sustainability challenges facing a retailer are not limited to a retailer s operational impacts. As discussed, the majority of these sustainability challenges are associated with their products and their supply chains. But other impacts are associated with the product after it has been purchased by tlie consumer. It is now common to consider the sustainability of a retailer in a much wider context that reflects the life cycle of their products. [Pg.205]

During the last two decades, there has been increasing interest in use of life-cycle assessment techniques to evaluate the environmental trade-offs associated with manufacturing and purchasing decisions. The philosophy behind life-cycle assessment is that the entire life cycle of a process or producL from acquisition of raw materials to eventual waste disposal, must be considered in evaluating the effects of that process or product on the environment. If only a portion of the life cycle is considered, then decisions about which of two alternatives has lesser adverse environmental impacts may be flawed, as looking at only a portion of the life cycle may result in ignoring serious impacts and lead to comparisons that are not accurate. [Pg.554]

One of the key techniques used to enable a buyer to understand the true costs of ownership of its product or services is to focus on the total cost of ownership rather than the purchase price of a product or service. Life cycle costing takes account of the transaction costs of internal sourcing plus the initial purchase price and the life cycle costs for use and disposal. Sometimes also referred to as the total cost of ownership. Also referred to as womb to tomb, or total cost of ownership, this involves accounting for the true cost of any material or service both before and after its delivery date. It demands assessment of the following ... [Pg.234]


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