Challenges facing

The acetic anhydride process employs a homogeneous rhodium catalyst system for reaction of carbon monoxide with methyl acetate (36). The plant has capacity to coproduce approximately 545,000 t/yr of acetic anhydride, and 150,000 t/yr of acetic acid. One of the many challenges faced in operation of this plant is recovery of the expensive rhodium metal catalyst. Without a high recovery of the catalyst metal, the process would be uneconomical to operate. 

The primary challenge facing adhesive bonding of metals is to obtain sufficient durability of a bonded structure. Initial bond strength in metal-polymer adhesive joints is almost invariably excellent. Challenging the application of adhesives in polymer-polymer joining, however, is the problem of obtaining a joint that is... 

A young scientist said, I have never seen a complex scientific area such as industrial ventilation, where so little scientific research and brain power has been applied. This is one of the major reasons activities in the industrial ventilation field at the global level were started. The young scientist was right. The challenges faced by designers and practitioners in the industrial ventilation field, compared to comfort ventilation, are much more complex. In industrial ventilation, it is essential to have an in-depth knowledge of modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD), three-dimensional heat flow, complex fluid flows, steady state and transient conditions, operator issues, contaminants inside and outside the facility, etc. 

Whatever the battciy construction and mix of materials being considered, the technical challenges facing developers are... 

These are just some of the many challenges facing FCC opera tions today,... 

It is clear that the first challenge facing the analyst is the choice of the phase system that is appropriate for the particular sample to be analyzed. Only after the phase system has been chosen, can the correct column be selected. It is therefore necessary to know the types and properties of the different stationary phases that are available and how to formulate the pertinent mobile phases that must be used with them. 

The ability to imderstand and empathize with the situation of the graduate - mentors must be aware of the numerous challenges faced by newly recruited graduates, such as managing organizational politics and adapting to the corporate culture. 

Two of the biggest challenges facing chemical engineering in the near future are (1) the identification... 

The Challenges Faced in Teaching and Learning About the Representational... 

Before leaving the subject of distribution of electrons within molecules, and its attribution to the origin of molecular polarity, with consequent effect on intermolec-ular forces (with further consequent effects on solubilities and melting points), it is pertinent to remind ourselves of two significant challenges faced by chemistiy instractors (i) to graphically represent forces of attraction between molecules and (ii) to develop the imagery that in the liquid state, orientation of molecules toward each other because of polarities is transitory, even if more probable, as they move past each other. 

The Importance of Speed, Transferability, Accuracy, and Interpretability Challenges Facing Existing Methods Why Is Data Training Difficult ... 

Table 5.5 Advantages and challenges faced in development of water-based coatings ...

One of the great challenges facing medical science is how to diagnose and treat afflictions of the brain such as Alzheimer s disease, hi part this is because we cannot see directly inside an active human brain. Recently, however, medical researchers have developed a powerful diagnostic tool called positron emission tomography (PET). 

Path A, Path V, Shin DW, Choi JW, Paik DS, Yoon SJ (2008) Issue and challenges facing rechargeable thin film lithium batteries. Mater Res Bull 43 1913-1942 Jones SD, Akridge JR (1996) A microfabricated solid-state secondary Li battery. Solid State Ionics 86-88 1291-1294... 

Ihe implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund) has underscored a number of the weaknesses in our capabilities to measure the chemical characteristics of wastes. We are now being called upon to identify and quantify with unprecedented sensitivity hundreds of chemicals found in many types of materials within waste sites, near discharges of hazardous contaminants, and in the surrounding environments. Extrapolations from a limited number of measurements must indicate the general environmental conditions near waste sites. The measurements have to be made faster and cheaper than ever before, with the precision and bias of each measurement fully documented. Thus, the technical challenges facing the monitoring community are substantial. 

In 1993, ten challenges faced the catalysis research community. One of these was the anti-Markovnikov addition of water or ammonia to olefins to directly synthesize primary alcohols or amines [323]. Despite some progress, the direct addition of N-H bonds across unsaturated C-C bonds, an apparently simple reaction, stiU remains a challenging fundamental and economic task for the coming century. 

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