Packaging system

Economics. Rigid foam systems are typically in the range of 32 kg/m (2 Ibs/fT) and, in 1992, had a foam price of about 3.63/kg ( 1.65 per lb) with hquid foam systems at about 2.75/kg. Unit prices for pour-ia-place polyurethane packaging systems fall between the competitive expandable polystyrene bead foam at 3.30/kg and low density polyethylene foams at 5.80/kg. 

Electronic-Grade MMCs. Metal-matrix composites can be tailored to have optimal thermal and physical properties to meet requirements of electronic packaging systems, eg, cotes, substrates, carriers, and housings. A controUed thermal expansion space tmss, ie, one having a high precision dimensional tolerance in space environment, was developed from a carbon fiber (pitch-based)/Al composite. Continuous boron fiber-reinforced aluminum composites made by diffusion bonding have been used as heat sinks in chip carrier multilayer boards. 

Available sizes range from shelf areas of 0.4 to 67 m" (4 to 726 ft"). These are available in several manufacturers standards, either as system components or with arrxihary gear as packaged systems. 

Investment data courtesy of In Plant Packaging Systems, Inc., Metuchen, NJ. 

Of the following amine systems that are discussed, diethanol amine (DEA) is the most common. Even though a DEA system may not be as efficient as some of the other chemical solvents, it may be less expensive to install because standard packaged systems are readily available. In addition, it may be less expensive to operate and maintain because field personnel are likely to be more familiar with it. 

Fauske and Associates, Inc., Vent Sizing Package System Manual Methodology and General Operations, FAI/88-41, February 1988. 

These packaging systems help keep food fresh and free of contamination. Thus the resources that went into producing the food was not wasted. 

Valley Printing Uses embossing rollers to print in depressed areas of a product. Embosser with inking attachment or special package system. 

Red Meat. The in-store wrapping of fresh meats is another packaging system with interesting compatibility requirements. If red meats are packaged in a heavy polyethylene film, 2 mils thick for example, the meat will turn dark. If, however, a % mil vinyl film with high oxygen trans-... 

T ood packaging reflects the needs of human societies and their technical capacities to provide for these needs. The kinds and amounts of food supply, the methods of food preservation, and the availability of packaging materials determine the packaging systems in any culture—be it prehistoric, present, or future. 

Survey of Packaging Systems For Artillery Ammunition , PATR 4124 (1970) 16) M.G. 

Because of their compact size, packaged vertical boilers can be custom-designed as a complete boiler plant system and simply shipped to the customer on a steel skid or platform. This type of system may comprise a dual boiler arrangement, with a pretreatment unit (water-softening and chemical-feed system), boiler blowdown and condensate return facilities, and also possibly a dual stack containing an economizer. This type of packaged system may reach 85% GCV efficiency. 

Packaging Similarly, information on the closure/packaging systems must be provided in terms of material specification, suitability/compatibility with the pharmaceutical product, dimensional specifications, water impermeability, and so on. Defence against microbial contamination should be discussed in the context of either packaging of sterile product or use of preservatives as appropriate. 

Triton Systems and the U.S. Army [202] have conducted further work on barrier performance in a joint investigation. The requirement here is for a nonrefrigerated packaging system capable of maintaining food freshness for 3 years. Nanoclay polymer composites are currently showing considerable promise for this application. 

New ways to recycle complex multi-material packaging systems. 

Pharmaceutical packaging is the means of providing protection, presentation, identification and information, containment, and convenience to encourage compliance with a course of therapy. The period from product manufacture to ultimate use or administration lies within the product shelf life interval. Criteria for selecting a satisfactory packaging system for pharmaceutical products are established by addressing a checklist of basic considerations ... 

What controls and test procedures can be instituted to ensure reproducibility in the quality of the materials used in the packaging system ... 

What will the package integrity issues be Can the mechanical, climatic, biological, and chemical hazards be addressed adequately by the packaging system ... 

There are many successful examples of compliance packaging in the marketplace. These include oral contraceptives, unit-of-use packaging for steroids, convenience paks, and blister packaging systems that incorporate reminder and information leaflets (the MACPAC). 

The packaging systems used were discussed in some detail in several EPARs. The number of products requiring a desiccant of some type is quite a high proportion of the total. In many cases both blister packs (of various compositions) and bottles (glass or plastics) were used for the same product. Effectiveness in protecting light-sensitive active ingredients and products is mentioned in the EPARs. Child resistance and tamper evidence is also mentioned. 

In Japan, a system in which storage tank and compressor are packed is very popular as shown in Figure 189. Several manufactures produce such package system in various sizes. 

The feed tanks for all the packaging systems will be equipped with a high-level alarm and a high-level feed shutoff. 

Ross S, Evans D (2003) The environmental effect of reusing and recycling a plastic-based packaging system. J Cleaner Prod 11(5) 561—571... 

In the following chapters, the above-named measures are described and benchmarked. The substitution of recycled board packaging for foodstuff by other packaging systems from glass, metal or plastics will not be considered here. 

Okeke C.C. (2002). Current USP requirements and proposals on packaging systems. American Pharmaceutical Outsourcing 3 34-38. 

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