Procurement of Chemicals

The service assembled 114 maintenance repair sets for chemical equipment at Edgewood Arsenal between August 1942 and July 1945. These sets consisted essentially of special tools needed for hand-tool repair of flame throwers, collective protectors, air compressors, and portable decontaminating apparatus, as well as gas mask repair tools and test equipment. No single item of field equipment supplied by the CWS proved more useful to the chemical officer in the field than did this set. 

The CWS was also responsible for procurement in appreciable quantities of 374 chemicals in World War II. A few of these, such as toxic agents, decontaminating agents, and napalm, were end items. The others 

While procurement of most chemicals was usually a simple commercial transaction, in the case of some half-dozen real complications arose. This half-dozen included hexachlorocthane for smoke mixture, thermite, barium nitrate, barium chromate, magnesium for incendiary bombs, and chlorine.  

Among the subcommittees of the Advisory Committee to the Army and Navy Munitions Board was one on alkali-chlorine. Set up in the fall of 

The emergency period witnessed a steadily increasing demand for chlorine. With the inauguration of its procurement program in the summer of 

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The procurement of chemicals is done through legal sources and provokes no attention from law enforcement. Drug distribution networks are shut down if drug problems arise in communities that abuse the sacrament. 

The expansion of hostilities in Vietnam caused a gradual rise in the level of development and procurement of chemical warfare-related items. By vir-... 

This chapter covers those existing DOE and other federal requirements that govern the acquisition of chemicals, and applies to all locations involved in the storage and/or use of chemicals and chemical products (see def). State and local requirements are not included. It consolidates direct health and safety-related acquisition requirements applicable to the procurement of chemicals and summarizes imphed requirements for the acquisition of chemicals and chemical products that are included in various regulations and standards but are not directly mandated by them. This chapter is divided into seven major sections. Each section of the chapter contains consolidated requirements for the procurement of a specific class or type of chemical or chemical product. 

The representative of the Chemical Commodity Division reported to the chief of that division whose headquarters were in the New York procurement district. This division was set up in August 1944 to centralize the administration of procurement of chemicals. For details see Brophy, Miles, and Cochrane, From Laboratory to Field. 

General Brigham s recommendations were no doubt prompted in part by the action of the Joint Board in the summer of 1935 in confirming CWS responsibility for research and procurement of chemical warfare materiel for the Army, the Navy, and the Marine Corps. ... 

For discussion of procurement of chemicals used in smoke and incendiaries see ch. XV below. 

Secondary and Micronutrients in Fertilizers The great majority of farm fertilizers are produced, marketed, and appHed with regard only to the primary plant nutrient content. The natural supply of secondary and micronutrients in the majority of soils is usually sufficient for optimum growth of most principal crops. There are, however, many identified geographical areas and crop—soil combinations for which soil appHcation of secondary and/or micronutrient sources is beneficial or even essential. The fertilizer industry accepts the responsibiHty for providing these secondary and micronutrients, most often as an additive or adjunct to primary nutrient fertilizers. However, the source chemicals used to provide the secondary and micronutrient elements are usually procured from outside the fertilizer industry, for example from mineral processors. The responsibiHties of the fertilizer producer include procurement of an acceptable source material and incorporation in a manner that does not decrease the chemical or physical acceptabiHty of the fertilizer product and provides uniform appHcation of the added elements on the field. 

There are several possible reasons why a scientific study of an art work may be desirable. An obvious one is in cases where the authenticity of an object is doubted on styHstic grounds, but no unanimous opinion exists. The scientist can identify the materials, analy2e the chemical composition, and then investigate whether these correspond to what has been found in comparable objects of unquestioned provenance. If the sources for the materials can be characterized, eg, through trace element composition or stmcture, it may be possible to determine whether the sources involved in the procurement of the materials for comparable objects with known provenance are the same. Comparative examination of the technological processes involved in the manufacture allows for conclusions as to whether the object was made using techniques actually available to the people who supposedly created it. Additionally, dating techniques may lead to the estabUshment of the date of manufacture. 

Thus, the Chemical Incident Simulation model largely eliminates the subjectivity involved in scenario studies, and procurement of protective and detector equipment. 

This standard is based on the accumulated knowledge and experience of manufacmrers and users of ceutrifugal pumps. The objective of this standard is to provide a piuchase specification to facilitate the manufacture and procurement of centrifugal pumps for use in petroleum, chemical, and gas industry services. 

The products cannot be compared with regard to the environment and health-related risks, so great the level of uncertainty and the fear of making a wrong decision are. This situation encourages a conservative stance in investment and procurement decisions of chemicals users. Patchy information for new products are thus frequently overstressed (in mai r instances also for tactical reasons). This conservative stance is favoured even more by the fact that most users know of cases where the substitutes proved to be just as problematic or even more problematic after a few years. 

Closure Alternatives, 14 Risk Assessment, 14 Acquisition Strategy, 14 Background, 14 Closure Acquisition, 14 Closure Materiel Procurement, 15 Chemical Demilitarization Procurement Process, 16 Categories of Contamination, 16 Permitting Considerations, 16 Preparation of Detailed Engineering Requirements, 18 Sampling and Analysis Plans, 18... 

The cooperation of Mr. James M. Crowe, Executive Editor of Chemical and Engineering News, in procuring illustrations for this chapter is gratefully acknowledged. 

Now, accdg to Notice 1 to this spec dated 14 Nov 1967, the above spec is cancelled and future procurement of symrDiphenylcarbazone, Reagent should be made under Federal Specification 0-C-265A, "Chemicals, Analytical ... 

Three suhposts fell in 1968 under the administrative control of Edgewood Arsenal. They were Pine Bluff Arsenal, Ark Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colo and Weldon Spring Army Chemical Plant, Mo. The first two specialized in various aspects of chemical testing, procurement, manufacture, and research, whereas the Weldon Spring facility was readied for the production of a chemical defoliant for use in Vietnam... 

ANALYSIS (Chemical). Analytical chemistry is that branch of chemistry concerned with the detection and identification of the atoms, ions, or radicals (groups of atoms which react as a unit) of which a substance is composed, the compounds which they form, and the proportions of these compounds present in a given substance. The work of the analyst begins with sampling, since analyses are performed upon small quantities of material. The validity of the result depends upon the procurement of a sample that is representative of the bulk of material ill question (which may be as large as a carload or tankload). 

Over the last decade, a small but growing number of chemical companies (for example Dow Chemical, DuPont, ExxonMobil, but also a number of smaller players) have discovered procurement as a virtually untapped source of value creation, and have leveraged it from within their organizations to meet the profitability challenges facing their industry. 

On the defensive side, service requirements were promulgated for a real-time detector for nerve agents in the field, shipboard detectors for Royal Navy vessels, prophylactics and therapy for nerve agent poisoning and a new respirator. The procurement cycle for some of these items was relatively quick, but for others, in particular the respirator, the process was one of continuous improvement reflecting advances in science and technology. However, to try to provide a succinct analysis of the first 20 post-war years of chemical weapon development in Britain is difficult mainly because many topics cannot be reported due to the non-disclosure of sensitive documents by the British government. 

Practically any natural plant can be utilized as a source of papermaking fibers, but there is considerable variation in the quality of paper realized from alternate plant sources. Factors such as fiber length, content of non-fibrous components such as parenchyma tissue, contaminants such as silica, etc. greatly influence the quality of the final sheet. Procurement of sufficient quantities of the raw material and seasonal fluctuations in supply can also pose problems. It is also necessary to use alternate pulping equipment to handle the plant materials since the material tends to mat down in the digester making it difficult to get uniform circulation of the cooking chemicals. 

REACH has provided a structure in which a well-informed chemicals risk management can be developed. In particular, it creates a legislative and regulatory framework for all substances in which the procurement of data for making reasonably reliable risk assessment is possible. But on the other hand, as we have seen, it does not require the creation of such data for all substances for which it is needed. This should be no surprise. The deficiencies in the previous system of chemicals regulation were so large that it would be unrealistic to believe that they could be solved in one single reform. It is only to be expected that there should be scope for improvement. A discussion is needed that identifies the most important of the potential improvements of the system, and in this spirit we would like to propose three important issues for the further development of REACH. 

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