Nitrate potassium

Potassium nitrate anticatalysed nitration in nitric acid (the solutions used also contained 2-5 mol 1 of water) but the effect was small in comparison with the corresponding effect in nitration in organic solvents ( 3.2.3 4), for the rate was only halved by the addition of 0-31 mol 1 of the salt. As in the case of the addition of sulphuric acid, the effect was not linear in the concentration of the additive, and the variation of k j with [KNOgj/mol 1 " was similar to that of with [H2SO4]/ mol 1.  

Fused potassium nitrate is a powerful oxidising agent (cf. the oxidation of manganese compounds, p.. IS6  

Sodium nitrate (NaN03) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) are formed by the 

The effect of potassium nitrate on the rate arises in a similar way. The concentration of nitrate ions in concentrated nitric acid is appreciable, and addition of small quantities of nitrate will have relatively little effect. Only when the concentration of added nitrate exceeds that of the nitrate present in pure nitric acid will the anticatalysis become proportional to the concentration of added salt. 

The reduction of a nitrate, for example potassium nitrate, by iron(ll) sulphate in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid gives reasonably pure nitrogen monoxide. The mixture is warmed and at this temperature the nitrogen monoxide produced does not combine with uncharged iron(II) sulphate (see below). 

TABLE 3.4 The effects of potassium nitrate on rates of nitration in nitromethane 

The ultraviolet spectra of solutions of potassium nitrate in various concentrations of sulphuric acid have been studied, and absorptions 

The use of an equivalent quantity of A.R. potassium nitrate is said to produce a more active catalyst. 

Nonelectrolytic plant producing chlorine and potassium nitrate. 

In preparing this mixture, the lactose and the potassium nitrate should be powdered separately and then mixed solely by shying. They should not be ground together in a mortar. 

Fusion of any chromium compound with a mixture of potassium nitrate and carbonate gives a yellow chromate(VI).  

Sal soda, see Sodium carbonate 10-water Saltpeter, see Potassium nitrate Scacchite, see Manganese chloride Scheelite, see Calcium tungstate(VI)(2—) 

Fusion of a manganese compound with sodium carbonate and potassium nitrate (on porcelain) gives a green manganate(VI) (p.. 86) 

Nitric acid is prepared in the laboratory by distilling equal weights of potassium nitrate and concentrated sulphuric acid using an air condenser, the stem of which dips into a flask cooled by tap water. The reaction is  

Organic matter Hot concentrated sulfuric acid plus a few drops of sodium or potassium nitrate solution. 

Titanium Aluminum, boron trifluoride, carbon dioxide, CuO, halocarbons, halogens, PbO, nitric acid, potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, potassium permanganate, steam at high temperatures, water 

The addition of water depresses zeroth-order rates of nitration, although the effect is very weak compared with that of nitrate ions concentrations of 6x io mol 1 of water, and 4X io mol 1 of potassium nitrate halve the rates of reaction under similar conditions. In moderate concentrations water anticatalyses nitration under zeroth-order conditions without changing the kinetic form. This effect is shown below (table 3.5) for the nitration of toluene in nitromethane. More strikingly, the addition of larger proportions of water modifies the kinetic 

Nantokite, see Copper(I) chloride Natron, see Sodium carbonate Naumannite, see Silver selenide Neutral verdigris, see Copper(H) acetate Nitre (niter), see Potassium nitrate Nitric oxide, see Nitrogen(II) oxide Nitrobarite, see Barium nitrate Nitromagnesite, see Magnesium nitrate 6-water Nitroprusside, see Sodium pentacyanonitrosylfer-rate(II) 2-water 

The preparation of a number of miscellaneous acids is described. m-Nitrobenzoic acid. Although m-nitrobenzoic acid is the main product of the direct nitration of benzoic acid with potassium nitrate and concentrated sulphuric acid, the complete separation of the small quantity of the attendant para isomer is a laborious process. It is preferable to nitrate methyl benzoate and hydrolyse the resulting methyl w-nitrobenzoate, which is easily obtained in a pure condition  

Steam is by far the most widely used medium, useful up to about 475 K. Up to about 700 K organic liquids such as the dowtherms and mineral oil may be used. Mercury and molten salts, such as the eutectic mixture of sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate may be used up to 875 K, while above this temperature air and flue gases must be used. 

The reaction is exothermic, and multitubular reactors are employed with indirect cooling of the reactor via a heat transfer medium. A number of heat transfer media have been proposed to carry out the reactor cooling, such as hot oil circuits, water, sulfur, mercury, etc. However, the favored heat transfer medium is usually a molten heat transfer salt which is a eutectic mixture of sodium-potassium nitrate-nitrite. 

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