Process Ostwald

H.20 The first stage in the production of nitric acid by the Ostwald process is the reaction of ammonia gas with oxygen gas, producing nitric oxide gas, NO, and liquid water. The nitric oxide further reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide gas, which, when dissolved in water, produces nitric acid and nitric oxide. Write the three balanced equations that lead to the production of nitric acid. 

Nitric acid, HN03 (oxidation number +5) is used extensively in the production of fertilizers and explosives. It is made by the three-step Ostwald process ... 

C15-0098. The first step in the Ostwald process for the synthesis of nitric acid is the combustion of ammonia ... 

Ammonia is also the starting material for the production of nitric acid, and the first step is oxidation of ammonia by the Ostwald process. 

Nitric oxide (m.p. -163 °C, b.p. —152 °C) is an important compound primarily because it is a precursor of nitric acid that is prepared in the Ostwald process. 

In the early 1900s, it was discovered that ammonia could be oxidized in the presence of a platinum catalyst (the Ostwald process). 

Morse, J. W. and W. H. Casey, 1988, Ostwald processes and mineral paragenesis in sediments. American Journal of Science 288, 537-560. 

One of the steps in the Ostwald process for the production of nitric acid involves the oxidation of ammonia. 

Transition metals and their compounds are used as catalysts. Catalysts you may already know are Iron In the Haber process (Industrial production of ammonia) platinum in the Ostwald process (Industrial production of nitric acid) and platinum, rhodium and palladium In catalytic converters. 

Currently, nitric acid is manufactured exclusively by catalytic oxidation of ammonia. Platinum or platinum-rhodium is an effective catalyst of this oxidation (Ostwald process). Three basic steps in such ammonia oxidation process are (1) oxidation of ammonia to form nitric oxide ... 

The Germans need to supplant Chilean saltpeter supply, which could be cut off by enemy blockades, led to the search for methods to synthesize nitrates. The reaction required a supply of ammonia, which was economically synthesized by Fritz Haber (1868—1934) before World War I (see Ammonia). Ammonia could then be converted to nitric acid through the Ostwald process and then nitric acid can be reacted with bases to produce nitrates (see Nitric Acid) KOH + HNO 4 - KNO. + HO... 

The Ostwald process of making HNOs involves the air oxidation of NH3 over a platinum catalyst. The first two steps in this process are... 

Determine the values of AH° and AS° for each stage of the Ostwald process for the production of nitric acid. Predict the conditions of pressure and temperature that favor the formation of the products in each case. 

Ostwald process The production of nitric acid by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia, overall order The sum of the powers to which individual concentrations are raised in the rate law of a reaction. Example If the rate = [S02][S03]" l/2, then the overall order is f. 

PROBLEM 8.16 Use the information in Table 8.2 to calculate AH° (in kilojoules) for the reaction of ammonia with 02 to yield nitric oxide (NO) and H20(g)/ a steP m the Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid. 

NH3 + 5 02 > 4 NO + 6 H20 Pt and Rh First step in the Ostwald process for synthesis of nitric acid HN03 Manufacture of explosives, fertilizers, plastics, dyes, lacquers... 

It is worth looking for a catalyst because the negative value of AG° indicates that the reaction is spontaneous under standard-state conditions. (This reaction is the first step in the Ostwald process for production of nitric acid. In industry, the reaction is carried out using a platinum-rhodium catalyst.)... 

Nitric acid is produced industrially by the multistep Ostwald process, which involves (1) air oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide at about 850°C over a platinum-rhodium catalyst, (2) rapid oxidation of the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide, and (3) disproportionation of N02 in water ... 

Molecular nitrogen (N2) is unreactive because of its strong N=N triple bond. Nitrogen exhibits all oxidation states between —3 and +5. Nitric acid is manufactured by the Ostwald process. 

The Ostwald process is the basis for the modem family of processes that make nitric acid by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia. Wilhelm Ostwald, a German physical chemist, discovered it in 1900. The process was used by Germany during World War I to make explosives after the Allied blockade cut off the regular German supply of nitrites from Chile and other places96. 

Some of the named processes that have been developed based on the Ostwald process are listed below1 ... 

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