Potassium nitrate density

Black Powder. Black powder is mainly used as an igniter for nitrocellulose gun propellant, and to some extent in safety blasting fuse, delay fuses, and in firecrackers. Potassium nitrate black powder (74 wt %, 15.6 wt % carbon, 10.4 wt % sulfur) is used for military appHcations. The slower-burning, less cosdy, and more hygroscopic sodium nitrate black powder (71.0 wt %, 16.5 wt % carbon, 12.5 wt % sulfur) is used industrially. The reaction products of black powder are complex (Table 12) and change with the conditions of initia tion, confinement, and density. The reported thermochemical and performance characteristics vary greatly and depend on the source of material, its physical form, and the method of determination. Typical values are Hsted in Table 13. 

Typically, dry potassium nitrate is pulverized in a ball mill. Sulfur is milled into cellular charcoal to form a uniform mix in a separate ball mill. The nitrate and the sulfur—charcoal mix are screened and then loosely mixed by hand or in a tumbling machine. Magnetic separators may be used to ensure the absence of ferrous metals. The preliminary mix is transferred to an edge-mimer wheel mill with large, heavy cast iron wheels. A clearance between the pan and the wheels is required for safety purposes. The size of this gap also contributes to the density of the black powder granules obtained. Water is added to minimize dusting and improve incorporation of the nitrate into the charcoal. The milling operation requires ca 3 to 6 h. 

What is the density of an aqueous solution of potassium nitrate that has a normal boiling point of 103.0°C and an osmotic pressure of 122 atm at 25°C ... 

Here, Q is the heat energy input per area p and Cp are the density and specific heat capacity, respectively and indices g, d, and s refer to the gas, metal, and liquid sample layers, respectively. With Eq. (106), the thermal conductivity of the sample liquid is obtained from the measured temperature response of the metal without knowing the thermal conductivity of the metal disk and the thickness of the sample liquid. There is no constant characteristic of the apparatus used. Thus, absolute measurement of thermal conductivity is possible, and the thermal conductivities of molten sodium and potassium nitrates have been measured. ... 

Grayish-white metal hody-centered cubic crystalline structure density 19.3 g/cm3 melts at 3,422°C vaporizes at 5,555°C vapor pressure 1 torr at 3,990°C electrical resistivity 5.5 microhm-cm at 20°C modulus of elasticity about 50 to 57 x lO psi (single crystal) Poisson s ratio 0.17 magnetic sus-ceptibilty +59 x 10-6 thermal neutron absorption cross section 19.2 + 1.0 barns (2,200m/sec) velocity of sound, about 13,000 ft/sec insoluble in water practically insoluble in most acids and alkabes dissolves slowly in hot concentrated nitric acid dissolves in saturated aqueous solution of sodium chlorate and basic solution of potassium ferricyanide also solubibzed by fusion with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate in the presence of potassium nitrate followed by treatment with water... 

S. Lussana found that the temp. 8 of maximum density of 0 65 and 1 30 per cent, soln. of potassium nitrate is related with the press, p respectively by 0=2 89—00133(p—1), and 0=1 84—0 0124(p—1). The lowering of the vapour pressure of aq. soln. of lithium nitrate at different temp, has been measured by... 

According to R. Ihle, the formation of ammonia at the cathode in the electrolysis of nitric acid depends on the current density and the cone, of the acid. Thus, for acids of 14-67, 28-73, 43-34, and 85-37 per cent. HN03, current densities of 0-00159, 0-01122, and 0-0564, and 8-6 amps, per sq. cm. were respectively required before any trace of ammonia was obtained. With increased current, the quantity of ammonia formed was also increased. J. F. Daniell noted the formation of ammonia at the cathode during the electrolysis of an aq. soln. of potassium nitrate. G. E. Cassel obtained ammonia by the electrolysis of soln. of nitrates. 

Potassium nitrate crystals have a density of 2.11 x 1(T12 g//um3, which allows for the determination of the estimated crystal numbers on each sieve in Table II. A cumulative number distribution, N(L), and a cumulative number fraction distribution, F(L), can be calculated using methods similar to those for calculating M(L) and W(L). 

Chromic sulphide is a broAvnish-black, lustrous amorphous powder, of density 3-538 at 14° C. When heated in air it gives sulphur dioxide and chromium sesquioxide, Avhile in hydrogen it yields chromous sulphide. It is attacked and oxidised by nitric acid, aqua regia, and fused potassium nitrate. Compounds of chromic sulphide with sulphides of other metals haA-e been described. Regarding chromic sulphide as the thioanhydride of thiochromous acid, H2Cr2S4, these compounds may be described as thiochromites. 

Molybdenum Phosphide, MoP, is formed when molybdenum trioxide is fused -with phosphoric acid and a little chalk, and the grey crystalline metallic mass is extracted first with hydrochloric acid and then with caustic soda. It has density 6-17, and is readily oxidised on heating in air, treating with nitric acid, or fusing with potassium nitrate. 

S. Lussana found that the temp. 6 of maximum density of 0 65 and 1 30 per cent, soln. of potassium nitrate is related with the press, p respectively by 0=2 89—00133(p—l), and 0=1 84—0 0124(p—l). The lowering of the vapour pressure of aq. soln. of lithium nitrate at different temp, has been measured by G. Tammann, and by A. T. Lincoln and D. Klein 42 at>25°, and the results show that the relative lowering of the vap. press, with increasing cone, increases in accord with the assumption that the salt forms hydrates in aq. soln. The vap. press, of aq. soln. of sodium nitrate have been measured by C. Dieterici, A. Smits, W. W. J. Nicol, G. Tammann, and by A. T. Lincoln and D. Klein. According to VOL. n, 3 G... 

Molecular weight 211 63f colourless tesseral crystals, specific gravity 2 986 which is 1. times larger than that of potassium nitrate, and 1.2 times larger than that of potassium perchlorate. Thus the large density is one of the remarkable nature of strontium nitrate. It melts at... 

To promote good lipid accumulation in the cells, the culture was transferred to a nitrogen-absent medium. The rate of depletion of soluble potassium nitrate in culture medium was determined with Hitachi HPLC L6000. And the fluorescent intensity of the Nile Red-dyed microalgal cells was measured by Hitachi fluorescent spectrophotometer UV-2000. Stainability with Nile Red was determined as fluorescent intensity at 575 nm per cell density. After the cultivation, cells were harvested by centrifugation, washed twice with distilled water and lyophilized. Cellular lipid was extracted by the method of Bligh and Dyer [5] and determined gravimetrically. 

Additions of crystalline oxidizers such as ammonium nitrate or potassium nitrate to nitrate esters or energetic polymers form composite explosives whose physical structures are heterogeneous. In contrast to homogeneous explosives, the energy density of composite explosives is higher than that of homogeneous explosives. 

Figure 27.13 shows the electrophoretic mobility of TiOi particles in aqueous solutions of potassium nitrate (KNO3) in this plot, Oo is the surface charge density,... 

FIGURE 27.13 The surface charge density and electrophoretic mobility as functions of pH for rutile in aqueous solutions of potassium nitrate. 

Antoine Cesar Becquerel in France (1855) and Pavel Yablochkov in Russia (1877) have built electrochemical devices, using coal anodes in a molten potassium nitrate electrolyte. William Jacques (1896) obtained a US patent for his invention of a coal stack with a coal anode and an iron cathode immersed into molten alkali hydroxide. Despite the great doubts raised, as to the nature of the processes taking place in the stack, the electrical performance of this fuel cell stack, operating at temperatures from 400 to 500°C, had a rather impressive total power 1.5 kW, and current densities up to... 

Figure 6.7. Some basic features of colloid chemistry for ceramic oxides (a) relation between surface charge density and electrophoretic mobility of a titania colloid in an aqueous potassium nitrate solution. From a to c the concentration of potassium nitrate increases (b) the dependence of the C-potential on the pH of two different colloids, A and B. At a pH in area I the particles in both colloids have a positive surface charge. In area III the surface charge is negative and at intermediate pH values (in area II) the colloids have surface charges of different signs.

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