Polyvinyl acetate properties

C. A. Finch (ed.). Polyvinyl Acetate—Properties and Applications, Wiley, New York, 1973. 

Prepared generally by ester interchange from polyvinylacelate (ethanoate) using methanol and base also formed by hydrolysis of the acetate by NaOH and water. The properties of the poly(vinyl alcohol) depend upon the structure of the original polyvinyl acetate. Forms copolymers. Used as a size in the textile industry, in aqueous adhesives, in the production of polyvinyl acetates (e.g. butynal) for safety glasses. U.S. production 1980... 

Lucie, S., Kovacevic, V., Packham, D.E., Bogner, A., Gerzina, A., Stearate-modified calcium carbonate fillers and their effect on the properties of polyvinyl acetate, composites. Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. Polymer Surface Modification Relevance to Adhesion, Newark, NJ, 24-26 May, 1999. 

Nitrile rubber adhesives. The main application corresponds to laminating adhesives. PVC, polyvinyl acetate and other polymeric films can be laminated to several metals, including aluminium and brass, by using NBR adhesives. NBR adhesives can also be used to join medium-to-high polarity rubbers to polyamide substrates. The adhesive properties of NBR rubbers can be further improved by chemical modification using polyisocyanate or by grafting with methyl methacrylate. 

Uses In polyvinyl acetate to improve fiber-tear properties plasticizer for polystyrene in epoxy resins and polyvinyl acetate to improve adhesion and resistance to chemical attack as an insulator fluid for electric condensers and as an additive in very high pressure lubricants. In fluorescent and high-intensity discharge ballasts manufactured prior to 1979 (U.S. EPA, 1998). 

Vinyl Acetate—Ethylene Copolymers. In these random copolymers, the ratio of ethylene to vinyl acetate (EVA) is varied from 30—60%. As the vinyl acetate content increases, the oil and heat resistance increases. With higher ethylene content the physical strength, tensile, and tear increases. The polymers are cured with peroxide. The main properties of these elastomers include heat resistance, moderate oil and solvent resistance, low compression set, good weather resistance, high damping, excellent ozone resistance, and they can be easily colored (see Vinyl polymers, polyvinyl acetate)). 

The effect of structural regularity on properties of polymers may be illustrated by the hydrolytic products of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). PVAc is insoluble in water, but because of the presence of polar hydroxyl groups, partially hydrolyzed PVAc is soluble in water. 

Long,V.C. Thesis The effect of branching on the dilute solution and bulk properties of polyvinyl acetate. University of Michigan 1958. 

The thermodynamic properties of the diluent appear to be unimportant in determining (Me)sojn.. Polyvinyl acetate in diethyl phthalate and in cetyl alcohol conform to Eq.(5.17), although the former is a good solvent and the latter a theta solvent at the temperature of measurement (157). 

Onogi,S., Masuda,T., Ibaragi,T. Rheological properties of polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinyl acetate in the molten state. Kolloid-Z. Z. Polymere 222, 110-124... 

Ninomiya,K., Ferry,J.D., Oyanagi,Y. Viscoelastic properties of polyvinyl acetates. II. Creep studies of blends. J. Phys. Chem. 67,2297-2308 (1963). 

Oyanagi,Y., Ferry, J.D. Viscoelastic properties of polyvinyl acetates. IV. Creep studies of plasticized fractions. J. Colloid Sci. 21, 547-559 (1966). 

Special properties of polyvinyl acetate are the very high hydrogen bonding and adherence to moist surfaces, and the self-plastization by absorption of less than 10% by weight of water. The absorption of water is sufficient to make the polyvinyl acetate flexible with natural body movement, pliable on moist tissue, permeable to water vapor and air, but not permeable to bacteria. Therefore, copolymers comprising polyvinyl acetate were synthesized for nonaqueous barrier dressings. Monomers were included to lightly crosslink the polyvinyl acetate. 

An important property of nonaqueous suspension is the increased percent solids (49.28% wt./wt.) compared to polymers solved in ethanol (e.g., polyvinyl acetate in ethanol, <27%) that means more active ingredient can be delivered the wound and less dressing must be carried. 

Chemical modification of polymers continues to be an active field of research [1-5]. It is a common means of changing and optimising the physical, mechanical and technological properties of polymers [5-7]. It is also a unique route to produce polymers with unusual chemical structure and composition that are otherwise inaccessible or very difficult to prepare by conventional polymerisation methods. For example, hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) which has a structure which resembles that of the copolymer ethylene and acrylonitrile, is very difficult to prepare by conventional copolymerisation of the monomers. Polyvinyl alcohol can only be prepared by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. Most of the rubbers or rubbery materials have unsaturation in their main chain and/or in their pendent groups. So these materials are very susceptible towards chemical reactions compared to their saturated counterparts. 

Many epoxy dispersions are compatible with most types of latex emulsions including acrylic, urethane, styrene butadiene, vinyl chloride, and polyvinyl acetate. The epoxy dispersion can be used as a modifier for these emulsions to alter handling and application characteristics such as emulsion rheology, foaming tendencies, pH sensitivity, wetting properties, and coating coalescence. They can also be reacted into the latex resin either by reacting the epoxy with a functionalized latex or by use of an epoxy with a coreactant. In this way adhesive systems can be formulated that are cured at room or elevated temperatures. 

R. A. Stratton and J. D. Ferry Dynamic mechanical properties of polyvinyl acetate in shear in the glass transition temperature range. J. Phys. Chem. 67, 152—161 (1963). 

To improve the properties of PLA, plasticizers, special additives such as chain-extenders, polymer blends, and composites are commonly investigated. Martin and Averous (10) have studied the effects of various plasticizers on the properties of PLA. Pilla et al. (11-12) have investigated the effects of chain-extenders on the foaming properties of PLA. In addition, a vast number of studies have been conducted to enhance the properties of PLA by blending it with various polymers such as polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyvinyl acetate, polyolefins, polystyrene, HIPS (high impact polystyrene), polyacetals, polycarbonate, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) (13-26). 

In general, these groups of cellulose ethers have been used for their innate adhesive properties and to provide thickening to adhesive formulations. They are used for plywood adhesives, industrial adhesives, wallpaper paste, library paste, and latex adhesives. For example, methylcellulose is used in some adhesives as an additive to control viscosity, especially in the heat-cure phenol-formaldehyde glues and other hot-pressing adhesives. Hydroxyethylcellulose is used as an ingredient in polyvinyl acetate emulsions, where it acts as a thickener and protective colloid. 

The industrial process for the vapor-phase manufacture of vinyl acetate monomer is quite common (Daniels, 1989) and utilizes widely available raw materials. Vinyl acetate is used chiefly as a monomer to make polyvinyl acetate and other copolymers. Hoechst-Celanese, Union Carbide, and Quantum Chemical are reported U.S. manufacturers. DuPont also currently operates a vinyl acetate process at its plant in LaPorte, Texas. To protect any proprietary DuPont information, all of the physical property and kinetic data, process flowsheet information, and modeling formulation in the published paper come from sources... 

Saran (Dow polyvinylidene dichloride) is a tough, chemically resistant plastic available in a variety of forms that are useful in the laboratory. Saran pipe or tubing can easily be welded to itself or sealed to glass and is useful for handling corrosive solutions. Thin Saran film, available commercially as a packaging material, is useful for windows, support films, etc. Mylar (du Pont polyethylene terephthalate) film and other polyester films are also useful for these purposes. Mylar is chemically inert and has excellent electrical properties for electrical insulation and for use as a dielectric medium in capacitors. Much thinner than these are films that can be made in the laboratory by allowing a dilute ethylene dichloride solution of Formvar (polyvinyl acetal) to spread on a water surface and dry. 

We briefly describe here the results obtained from studies of copper, nickel and chromium overlayers deposited on polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate and polymethyl methacrylate. Using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy we measured significant variations in the core binding energies and lineshapes as we varied both the metal and the substrate atoms. These changes can be related to both differences between the intrinsic properties of the metal atoms as well as to differences in the interactions with the substrates. In the following sections we describe the details of... 

Quaternary compound. High purity, long chain quaternary ammonium compound used with caustic to improve fabric wicking characteristics, reduce pilling on polyester and to obtain anti-static properties on triacetate fabrics. Used to remove polyvinyl acetate and other resin esters from fabrics. 

ADHERE-TEX 1510 is a semi-permanent pressure sensitive adhesive which develops outstanding tack when the cast film is dried. The adhesive properties may be modified by dilution with water, thickening, or blending with other polymers such as TEX-WET 1089, a polyvinyl acetate emulsion. 

Maisumoxo, M., and Y. Ohyanagi Solution properties in fl-solvmits on polyvinyl acetate obtained at difierent polymerization temperatures. J. Polymer Sci. 50, SI (I960). 

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